Suchergebnisse

Advanced education is often thought to respond to the demands of the economy. Market forces create new occupations, and then universities respond with degrees and curricula tailored to produce graduates with the required skills. Presented here is ground-breaking comparative research on an underappreciated, yet growing, concurrent alternative process: universities and their expanding research capacity create knowledge and skills, legitimated in new degrees that then become monetized and even required in private and public sectors of economies. With far reaching implications for understanding the educational transformation of capitalism and social inequality, the future of professionalization in occupations, persistent expansion of advanced education, and profound change in the culture of work in the 21st Century, the chapters explore sociological implications, possible global impacts, and critiques of the process. Detailed German and U.S. case studies of the university's origins and influence on workplace consequences of six selected occupations and degrees investigate the dimensions of the academization process. Demonstrating universal application, the cases contrast the more open and less-restrictive education and occupational credentialling system in the U.S. with the centralized and government-controlled system in Germany. This is a much-needed new perspective on the worn-out notions of overeducation, credentialism, professionalism, and supposed unresponsiveness of systems of higher education.

Bislang gab es in Deutschland keine Hochschulen und keine Studienprogramme, mit denen sich der Anspruch verknüpfte, eine Spitzenposition im Feld der Hochschulbildung inne zu haben. Mittlerweile werden aber auch hier mehr und mehr vertikale Differenzierungen der Hochschulen in Szene gesetzt und Qualitätsunterschiede betont. Diese Bemühungen werden zumeist mit Blick auf die Forschung beobachtet. Der Beitrag nimmt hingegen Stratifikationsbemühungen in den Blick, die sich primär mit der Bildung und Ausbildung an Hochschulen verknüpfen. Grundlage sind Fallstudien zum einen im Feld der durch die Exzellenzinitiative geförderten Graduiertenschulen und zum anderen im Feld der privaten Hochschulen, die in den Rechts-, Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften angesiedelt sind und sich als Spitzeneinrichtungen zu positionieren suchen. Im ersten Teil geht es um die Formen der Institutionalisierung von Rangunterscheidungen im Bereich der Hochschulbildung, die man derzeit beobachten kann. Im zweiten Teil wird exemplarisch an einem Merkmal - Internationalität - aufgezeigt, wie Stratifizierungen und Rangunterscheidungen zur Geltung gebracht werden. Es wird gezeigt, dass Stratifikation kein monolithischer Prozess ist, sondern komplexe Differenzierungen entlang verschiedener Merkmale in vielfältigen Formen involviert. (DIPF/Orig.).;;;Until recently there have been no universities or study programs in Germany that were connected to claims for top level positions in the field of higher education. However, by now efforts to vertically differentiate higher education are increasing and emphasize differences in quality. Such efforts have so far been observed with respect to research. In contrast, this article focusses on stratificatory efforts that are primarily connected to education at universities. It is based on cases studies in the field of graduate schools funded by the German excellence initiative and in the field of private higher education institutions that belong to law, business, and the social sciences and try to positions themselves as top level institutions. The first part addresses specific forms in which stratification is institutionalized in the field of higher education at present. The second part then exemplifies the various ways in which vertical differentiation is mobilized along a common attribute in both fields - internationality. The authors show that stratification is not a monolithic process but involves highly complex differentiations along various attributes and in multiple ways. (DIPF/Orig.).