Intergenerational interaction between old and young in creative task
In: Journal of intergenerational relationships: programs, policy, and research, Band 16, Heft 3, S. 275-286
ISSN: 1535-0932
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In: Journal of intergenerational relationships: programs, policy, and research, Band 16, Heft 3, S. 275-286
ISSN: 1535-0932
In: Journal of intergenerational relationships: programs, policy, and research, Band 13, Heft 2, S. 118-133
ISSN: 1535-0932
In: Small group research: an international journal of theory, investigation, and application, Band 35, Heft 5, S. 540-564
ISSN: 1552-8278
This article is a report of two experiments that were conducted to investigate the creative performance of groups during idea-generation sessions. The hypothesis was that groups in which higher levels of both member diversity and similarity of thought categories were combined would show greater gains in creative performance. In Study 1, the participants (n = 168) were assigned to 56 three-person groups and performed an inventive creativity task. The results supported the hypothesis. Forty-one three-person groups, which consisted solely of female participants (n = 123) performed an ameliorative creativity task in Study 2. The hypothesis was again confirmed. These results suggest that a form of synergy between diversity and similarity operates in group creativity.
In: Journal of experimental political science: JEPS, Band 4, Heft 1, S. 81-94
ISSN: 2052-2649
AbstractIyengar et al. (1984, The Evening News and Presidential Evaluations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46(4): 778–87) discovered the media priming effect, positing that by drawing attention to certain issues while ignoring others, television news programs help define the standards by which presidents are evaluated. We conducted a direct replication of Experiment 1 by Iyengar et al. (1984, The Evening News and Presidential Evaluations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46(4): 778–87) with some changes. Specifically, we (a) collected data from Japanese undergraduates; (b) reduced the number of conditions to two; (c) used news coverage of the issue of relocating US bases in Okinawa as the treatment; (d) measured issue-specific evaluations of the Japanese Prime Minister in the pre-treatment questionnaire; and (e) performed statistical analyses that are more appropriate for testing heterogeneity in the treatment effect. We did not find statistically significant evidence of media priming. Overall, the results suggest that the effects of media priming may be quite sensitive either to the media environment or to differences in populations in which the effect has been examined.
In: Journal of risk research: the official journal of the Society for Risk Analysis Europe and the Society for Risk Analysis Japan, Band 26, Heft 5, S. 502-523
ISSN: 1466-4461
In: International journal of knowledge society research: IJKSR ; an official publication of the Information Resources Management Association, Band 7, Heft 2, S. 57-71
ISSN: 1947-8437
When the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred, Twitter was used as an infrastructure for sharing information carried by other media. In other words, Twitter is considered as a "meta medium." Earthquake-related tweets included information that was of questionable veracity, contained vicious rumors, and propagated matters of controversy that often gave rise to various discussions and arguments. In this research, the authors analyzed 89,351,242 tweets posted from December 11, 2010 to April 16, 2012. They then extracted 9,816,625 URLs and classified the top 100 domains of these URLs into 19 media categories. The emotional reactions of Twitter users were investigated by counting the terms conveying positive and negative emotions included in the body of tweets along with the media URLs. The authors' findings revealed differences in terms of the frequency with which terms expressing emotions were evoked and differences in the patterns of their surges, across the various media. The authors also considered the usage of various terms appearing in tweets concurrently with the terms expressing emotion.
Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated selfreported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = −0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.
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