Suchergebnisse

The definition of the ideal numbers and distribution of human resources required for control of road traffic injury (RTI) is not as advanced as for other health problems. We can nonetheless identify functions that need to be addressed across the spectrum of injury control: surveillance; road safety (including infrastructure, vehicle design, and behaviour); and trauma care. Many low-cost strategies to improve these functions in low- or middle-income countries can be identified. For all these strategies, there is need for adequate institutional capacity, including funding, legal authority, and human resources. Several categories of human resources need to be developed: epidemiologists who can handle injury data, design surveillance systems, and undertake research; engineers and planners versed in safety aspects of road design, traffic flow, urban planning, and vehicle design; police and lawyers who understand the health impact of traffic law; clinicians who can develop cost-effective improvements in the entire system of trauma treatment; media experts to undertake effective behaviour change and social marketing; and economists to assist with cost-effectiveness evaluations. RTI control can be strengthened by enhancing such training in these disciplines, as well as encouraging retention of those who have the needed skills. Mechanisms to enhance collaboration between these different fields need to be promoted. Finally, the burden of RTI is borne disproportionately by the poor; in addition to technical issues, more profound equity issues must be addressed. This mandates that people from all professional backgrounds who work for RTI control should develop skills in advocacy and politics.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- PART 1 OBJECTIVES AND CONCLUSION OF DISEASE CONTROL PRIORITIES, THIRD EDITION -- 1. Universal Health Coverage and Intersectoral Action for Health -- 2. Intersectoral Policy Priorities for Health -- 3. Universal Health Coverage and Essential Packages of Care -- PART 2 PROBLEMS AND PROGRESS -- 4. Global and Regional Causes of Death: Patterns and Trends, 2000-15 -- 5. Annual Rates of Decline in Child, Maternal, Tuberculosis, and Noncommunicable Disease Mortality across 109 Low- and Middle-Income Countries from 1990 to 2015 -- 6. Economic Burden of Chronic Ill Health and Injuries for Households in Low- and Middle-Income Countries -- PART 3 ECONOMIC EVALUATION RESULTS FROM DISEASE CONTROL PRIORITIES, THIRD EDITION -- 7. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition -- 8. Health Policy Analysis: Applications of Extended Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Methodology in Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition -- 9. Benefit-Cost Analysis in Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition -- PART 4 HEALTH SYSTEM TOPICS FROM DISEASE CONTROL PRIORITIES, THIRD EDITION -- 10. Quality of Care -- 11. High-Quality Diagnosis: An Essential Pathology Package -- 12. Palliative Care and Pain Control -- 13. Strengthening Health Systems to Provide Emergency Care -- 14. Community Platforms for Public Health Interventions -- 15. Rehabilitation: Essential along the Continuum of Care -- PART 5 INTERSECTORAL AND INTERNATIONAL TOPICS -- 16. Development Assistance for Health -- 17. Pandemics: Risks, Impacts, and Mitigation -- 18. The Loss from Pandemic Influenza Risk -- 19. Fiscal Instruments for Health in India -- DCP3 Series Acknowledgments -- Volume Editors -- Contributors -- Advisory Committee to the Editors -- Reviewers.

The recent adoption of World Health Assembly Resolution 60.22, titled "Health Systems: Emergency Care Systems," has established an important health care policy tool for improving emergency care access and availability globally. The resolution highlights the role that strengthened emergency care systems can play in reducing the increasing burden of disease from acute illness and injury in populations across the socioeconomic spectrum and calls on governments and the World Health Organization to take specific and concrete actions to make this happen. This resolution constitutes recognition by the World Health Assembly of the growing public health role of emergency care systems and is the highest level of international attention ever devoted to emergency care systems worldwide. Emergency care systems for secondary prevention of acute illnesses and injury remain inadequately developed in many low- and middle-income countries, despite evidence that basic strategies for improving emergency care systems can reduce preventable mortality and morbidity and can in many cases also be cost-effective. Emergency care providers and their professional organizations have used their comprehensive expertise to strengthen emergency care systems worldwide through the development of tools for emergency medicine education, systems assessment, quality improvement, and evidence-based clinical practice. World Health Assembly 60.22 represents a unique opportunity for emergency care providers and other advocates for improved emergency care to engage with national and local health care officials and policymakers, as well as with the World Health Organization, and leverage the expertise within the international emergency medicine community to make substantial improvements in emergency care delivery in places where it is most needed.