Suchergebnisse

Not Available ; In order to overcome the challenges in administering and regulating marine fisheries in the Indian EEZ under central government administration (area 1.86 million km2, which is 92% of the total 2.02 million km2), a zonal management system is proposed. Besides the Territorial Waters (TW) zones regulated by maritime states, the broad marine biogeographic area of the Indian subcontinent were divided into 4, the northwest coast (northeast Arabian Sea - NEAS), southwest coast (southeast Arabian Sea - SEAS), southeast coast (southwest Bay of Bengal - SWBOB) and the northeast coast (northwest Bay of Bengal - NWBOB). There are 13 maritime states based TW zones and 6 regional zones (4 mainland and 2 island) in this proposed plan for fisheries management. The straightening of the coastline through notified baseline points for determining the breadth of TW and EEZ has resulted in 0.11 million km2 of internal waters which are not under any regulations. All these zones are planned to be placed under co-management through specific fisheries management councils as advocated by the National Policy on Marine Fisheries 2017. Besides, the catch and effort data reporting, stock assessments and fisheries management under the new regime are highlighted. In fisheries management, a switch to a total allowable catch (TAC) and quota system is recommended. The advantages of zonal management, TAC system and fleet wise quotas are discussed. ; Not Available

Not Available ; India's marine fisheries development has been guided in the past by the five-year plans and by the policy documents of 1994 and 2004 brought out by the Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries (DADF), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare, Government of India. As a renewable natural resource, fish harvests need to be ecologically and economically sustainable to ensure equity and livelihood security to fishers. Numbering nearly 40 lakhs, fishers and allied workers are one of the economically weaker sections of the society and their well-being and economic development is of paramount importance to the country. In order to uplift this section of the society, meet the food security and also to ensure sustainable harvests of fishery resources, comprehensive policies are necessary. ; Not Available

Not Available ; India's marine fisheries development has been guided in the past by the five-year plans and by the policy documents of 1994 and 2004 brought out by the Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries (DADF), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare, Government of India. As a renewable natural resource, fish harvests need to be ecologically and economically sustainable to ensure equity and livelihood security to fishers. Numbering nearly 40 lakhs, fishers and allied workers are one of the economically weaker sections of the society and their well-being and economic development is of paramount importance to the country. In order to uplift this section of the society, meet the food security and also to ensure sustainable harvests of fishery resources, comprehensive policies are necessary. ; Not Available

Not Available ; The Indian oil sardine, is a very Sardinella longiceps important pelagic fish species which contributes to about 25% of the total marine fish production in India. The oil sardine contribution slipped to an all-time low of about 68,431 tonnes during 2015. Unfavourable environmental impact caused by the El Nino appears to have played a powerful role in the slump of oil sardine fishery. There have been considerable losses in the income and number of employment days. The losses are contributed not only by reduction and reduced catches but also reduced number of fishing operations and fisher man days. The present study probes with the following objectives viz., assessing the share of different crafts and gears harvesting oil sardine over the years, estimating the quantum of losses consequent to reduced landings and efforts and assessing the impact on reduction in landings on employment. The analysis revealed that the average employment loss during 2015 was estimated as 129.84 crores and the wage loss as 104.58 crore. The total economic loss incurred to the fishermen was found to be 234.42crores. The constraints expressed by the fishers indicated that reduced income and increased employment and increased debts were the major impending factor the for reduced landings of sardine. The study highlights the need for governmental guidelines in demarcating areas for sardine catches for the traditional fishermen so that the livelihood isn't affected and would reduce fishing pressure from other sectors ; Not Available

Not Available ; Potential Fishing Zone (PFZ) advisory maps released by the INCOIS (Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India) during 2003-07 were analyzed for their frequency of occurrence and persistence. This analyses clearly indicates that the nearshore regions of the Arabian Sea off Kerala with depths less than 50 m occurred more in the PFZ advisory maps than the mid continental shelf region and the continental slope. Northen regions of Kerala had persistent PFZ areas especially in the region between Calicut and Kannur. Relatively high river discharges in the area and presence of high nutrient content in the discharges because of high mangrove afforestation are likely causes for the persistent occurrence of PFZs in these regions. ; Not Available

Not Available ; The sources of microbiological contamination in shellfish harvesting areas in the Ashtamudi and Vembanad estuaries were identified through a sanitary survey. Samples of shellfish and waters were tested for faecal indicator bacteria. Both estuaries receive high levels of contamination from septic tank discharges and areas with high numbers of birds and livestock. An assessment to illustrate the classification status of the harvesting areas indicated that 64% of oyster and 58% of clam samples from Ashtamudi and 54% of mussel samples from Vembanad would comply with the lower class B standard of the EU classification system. Most water results would comply with the faecal coliform standard for 'Prohibited' areas under the US classification system. None of the water samples from Ashtamudi were below the standard for 'Approved' areas. Pollution reduction measures and implementation of a sanitation programme according to international best practice would improve consumer health protection. ; Not Available

Not Available ; ICAR-CMFRI has developed technologies for breeding and seed production of many commercially important molluscs. One such is the marine pearl culture technology. The technology has been developed way back in 1973, pearl culture was undertaken by the fishers of Veppalodai, Thoothukudi district under the guidance of ICAR-CMFRI and established the interest and farming skill by producing quality pearls. Subsequently many aspects of pearl oyster resources were studied in detail by various researchers and a rich knowledge was obtained on the subject. The technology developed by ICAR-CMFRI has been transferred to various State government, private and joint ventures in Tamilnadu and Andhra Pradesh. Partial technology transfer to fisherfolks of Mundalmunai village, Mandapam through financial support of M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF, Chennai) and good amount of pearls were produced but, due to non sustenance of funding it couldn't continue beyond the project period. At this juncture the current programme was implemented in three different centres viz., Kollam (Kerala), Kalpeni (Lakshadweep islands) and Sippikulam, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu with an aim of training and total transferring of the technology of image ('mabe') and spherical pearl production to the fishers and empower them in marine pearl culture production technology. In this paper an attempt is made to detail the experience and results of adoption of village/SHG's respectively, feasibility study for pearl culture using Indian pearl oyster Pinctada fucata, development of infrastructure, training imparted, skill evaluation and the Available online at: www.mbai.org.in doi:10.6024/jmbai.2018.60.1.2027-06 results of independent pearl culture by the beneficiaries at the respective centre/SHG. The trained group at Sippikulam, Thoothukudi was capable of producing 4.4-7.7% commercial grade spherical pearls, the SHG's at Kollam and Kalpeni centres developed expertise and produced 15-20% good quality 'mabe' pearl. As an encouragement/proof, the product was given to the team concerned. A project proposal was also prepared for the follow up and continuance of the culture with State Fisheries Department for funding was handed over to the group. Strong linkage was developed by liaisoning the groups with the State Department Officials of the respective centre for further follow up. The success of the implementation of the project at the three centres was evaluated by seven indicators. ; Not Available

Not Available ; ICAR-CMFRI has developed technologies for breeding and seed production of many commercially important molluscs. One such is the marine pearl culture technology. The technology has been developed way back in 1973, pearl culture was undertaken by the fishers of Veppalodai, Thoothukudi district under the guidance of ICAR-CMFRI and established the interest and farming skill by producing quality pearls. Subsequently many aspects of pearl oyster resources were studied in detail by various researchers and a rich knowledge was obtained on the subject. The technology developed by ICAR-CMFRI has been transferred to various State government, private and joint ventures in Tamilnadu and Andhra Pradesh. Partial technology transfer to fisherfolks of Mundalmunai village, Mandapam through financial support of M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF, Chennai) and good amount of pearls were produced but, due to non sustenance of funding it couldn't continue beyond the project period. At this juncture the current programme was implemented in three different centres viz., Kollam (Kerala), Kalpeni (Lakshadweep islands) and Sippikulam, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu with an aim of training and total transferring of the technology of image ('mabe') and spherical pearl production to the fishers and empower them in marine pearl culture production technology. In this paper an attempt is made to detail the experience and results of adoption of village/SHG's respectively, feasibility study for pearl culture using Indian pearl oyster Pinctada fucata, development of infrastructure, training imparted, skill evaluation and the Available online at: www.mbai.org.in doi:10.6024/jmbai.2018.60.1.2027-06 results of independent pearl culture by the beneficiaries at the respective centre/SHG. The trained group at Sippikulam, Thoothukudi was capable of producing 4.4-7.7% commercial grade spherical pearls, the SHG's at Kollam and Kalpeni centres developed expertise and produced 15-20% good quality 'mabe' pearl. As an encouragement/proof, the product was given to the team concerned. A project proposal was also prepared for the follow up and continuance of the culture with State Fisheries Department for funding was handed over to the group. Strong linkage was developed by liaisoning the groups with the State Department Officials of the respective centre for further follow up. The success of the implementation of the project at the three centres was evaluated by seven indicators. ; Not Available

Not Available ; In India, the adoption of mussel (Perna viridis) farming, practice began in 1996 when it was field tested in the shallow backwaters of Padanna in Kasaragod District of Kerala. This paved the way for commercial mussel production from northern districts of Kerala, particularly in Padanna Backwaters by coastal villagers. There was a steady rise in mussel production from estuarine farms till 2008, which was followed by a reduction since 2009. During 2015, this rate of reduction in farmed mussel production was drastic, recording as high as 93.8%, when compared to the 2014 figures. This reduction was not restricted to Padanna Backwaters alone, as there was mortality and decline in production in all northern districts of Kerala in 2015. Mussel farming sector of Padanna Backwaters is confronted with several problems. With rapid growth in farming the availability of mussel seeds became limiting and farmers sourced seeds from distant locations resulting in poor seed quality at the time of seeding. The supply-demand gap pushed the farmers to compromise on the seed quality. This resulted in tended mussel stocks which were susceptible to stress. The environmental degradation in the farmed area of Padanna due to excessive number of farms per unit area and reduced flushing of water in certain pockets was further burdened by the extremely high ambient air and water temperatures in 2015-16. The prevailing environmental anomaly resulted in higher than normal salinity and high temperature, which compounded the environmental stress on the farmed mussels. This resulted in a crisis in February 2016, leading to stunted growth, high mortality and prevalence of the protozoan parasite, Perkinsus olseni. The CMFRI's scientific team which has been monitoring the mussel farming activity in the area, setup a task force to identify the issues and suggest solutions to farmers and the Government. The adoption of sustainable aquaculture practices in Padanna Backwaters by improving the quality of seeds, enhancing the flushing rates, modifying the farm layout and reducing the farming density per unit area are among the 21 recommendations proposed by CMFRI task force to tackle these challenges. These recommendations are complementary to the global guidelines for Best Aquaculture Practices for mussels. This requires the collaborative effort from the farmers, local administration and the fisheries department. ; Not Available

Not Available ; Kerala ranks first in marine fish production of India forming nearly 25% (avg. 5.75 lakh tonnes) of the total annual production. The annual export of marine products from the state yields to the nation a foreign exchange of Rs. 1100 crores. There has been spectacular growth in the marine fisheries sector of the state due to fisheries friendly government policies, well developed harvest and post harvest infrastructure and increased demand for sea food both in the domestic and export markets. Kerala has been in the forefront in absorbing innovative and new technologies in fishing practices, which has led marine fisheries to take a complex structure. ; Not Available