Suchergebnisse

Introduction -- The Muslim community in Britain -- Overview of the Hounslow Muslim community -- The Sharia, religious law of Muslims -- The Muslim Law (Shariah) Council (UK) -- The many faces of ADR in Hounslow -- The case for court-invoked adjudication -- Towards an Islamic model of ADR -- Policy considerations.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine female fashion consumer profiles in Kuwait. Drawing on symbolic interactionist, fashion adoption theory, the trickle-down theory, the collective selection theory and the mass-market theory, this study examines the influence of self-identity, social interactions and prestige consumption on Kuwait female apparel consumers.Design/methodology/approachThe study applies self-organizing maps (SOM), discriminant and multiple correspondence analyses to analyze the influence of self-identity, social interaction and prestige consumption on Kuwaiti female apparel consumers.FindingsResults unveiled three distinct clusters: liberals, traditionalists and conservatives. Liberals include students, singles with a low income, less than KD 500. They are younger and wear neither Abaya nor Hijab. Traditionalists include employees, mixed between married and divorced females. They have moderate income between KD 500–1,500, two age groups between 25–30 and 31–35 years. Finally, conservatives include older females of age 36–45 years. They are housewives with a high-income of more than KD 1,500, and wear both Abaya and Hijab. Findings seem to confirm that the younger generations of females in Kuwait are by far living a different life than their mothers and grandmothers. Findings also show that culture, especially religion and traditions, is still exercising an enduring influence on Kuwaiti females purchasing behavior.Originality/valueThis study extends the existing literature dealing with female apparel consumption by applying cluster analysis to an Arab country, which makes it possible to generalize results to other Arab nations. Second, the author uses SOM along with traditional clustering methods to check the robustness of findings.

AbstractThe so called Arab Spring has brought more challenges to the security of the Arabian Gulf states members of the Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC). This article aims to reach a better understanding of the main threats facing the GCC states in the post Arab Spring era. It argues that the conservative system of the GCC states, originated in the paternalistic conservatism, is facing an essential threat from three very important elements that are instigated by the eruption of the so called Arab Spring: political liberal ideas, political Islamic movement, and sectarianism. The article investigates the impact of these elements on the GCC states.

PurposeThe purpose of the research presented in this paper is to measure the relative market efficiency of the top listed companies in Egypt.Design/methodology/approachApplying a two‐stage approach, this study uses production frontier analysis (PFA) to measure the relative market efficiency of 62 listed companies in Egypt, and Tobit regression to examine the dependence of efficiency on the specific operating environment of these companies.FindingsThe results indicate that the performance of several companies is sub‐optimal, suggesting the potential for significant improvements over both profitability and marketability dimensions. Separate benchmarks were derived for possible reductions in resources used, and the results indicate that several companies deploy a much larger number of employees than required by a best practice company, and significant savings are possible on this account.Originality/valueFrom a policy perspective, this study highlights the economic importance of encouraging increased market efficiency throughout the business sector in Egypt.

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the United Arab Emirates (UAE) society's attitudes towards women managers held by a sample of 186 participants.Design/methodology/approachThe subjects completed the newly developed multidimensional aversion to women who work scale (MAWWWS). The study validates the scale in an Arab non‐Western context.FindingsThe results reveal that UAE students have significantly different attitudes towards women managers from those of the older generations. There are significant differences between males' and females' perceptions of women's roles and participation in society. The study predicts that modernity may diminish patriarchal attitudes towards women managers in the Arab world.Originality/valueThis study has provided some insights into the factors associated with attitudes towards women managers in the UAE. This research contributes to the literature on cross‐cultural studies by systematically assessing the attitudes towards women managers in the UAE.

This study investigates Egyptian society's attitudes towards women who work held by a sample of 217 participants. The subjects completed the newly developed multidimensional aversion to women who work scale (MAWWWS). The study validates the scale in a non‐western context. The results reveal that, contrary to our expectation, Egyptian students have very similar attitudes towards women who work to those of the older generations. There are significant differences between males' and females' perceptions towards women's roles and participation in society. The study predicts that modernity may diminish patriarchal attitudes towards women in Arab societies. Finally, the study detects no significant difference between Muslims and non‐Muslims in Egypt regarding their attitudes towards women who work.

Indicators of family planning service access and quality were generated using the Egypt DHS-I (1988) and the Egypt Service Availability Survey (1989), and linked to episodes of contraceptive pill use. Multilevel analysis was used to ascertain whether or not these access and quality indicators influence the continuation of pill use, net of women's socioeconomic, demographic and motivational characteristics. A model with random components at the cluster and women levels was fitted for all reasons of discontinuation, except desire for pregnancy, at 24 months of use. Net of women's background characteristics, the results show that facilities with smaller numbers of health personnel trained in family planning, a lack of access to facilities with female doctors and a lack of range of available methods are associated with a high risk of discontinuation of pill use for all reasons except desire for pregnancy.