Suchergebnisse

Abstrak: Perkawinan merupakan suatu ikatan yang melahirkan keluarga sebagai salah satu unsur dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat dan bernegara, yang diatur oleh aturan hukum, baik hukum Islâm maupun hukum positif (negara). Untuk dapat mewujudkan tujuan perkawinan, hukum negara, yakni Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 menentukan batas umur minimal untuk melangsungkan perkawinan, yakni usia 19 tahun untuk pria dan usia 16 tahun bagi wanita. Sedangkan hukum Islâm tidak menentukan secara kongkrit batas minimal usia perkawinan. Meghadapi dualisme hukum ini, negara seharusnya mengambil langkah tegas. Jika negara sudah melarang perkawinan di bawah umur, maka konsekuensinya segala hukum yang bertentangan dengannya harus ditiadakan, sehingga terjadi kepastian hukum. Abstract: Marriage is the bond of family that becomes one of the elements of social and state life. It is regulated in both Islamic and state laws. To concretize the marriage purpose, state law apllies the constitution of Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 that decides minimal age limit of marriage---19 years old for male citizens and 16 years old for the female ones. On the other hand, the Islamic law do not explicitly declare this. State must take a firm action to face this dualism, it must forbid non-state regulation that is in contradiction against state law including the law that allows the marriage beyond the age limit. It is about to guarantee the legal security or rule of law. Kata-kata Kunci: Hukum Islâm, perkawinan di bawah umur, hukum negara, dan negara.

The rice program for poor families or commonly known as Raskin is one of the government's efforts to reduce the burden of expenditure on poor families. The Raskin program is to reduce poverty and maintain the food of economically disadvantaged people so that all parties are expected to participate in the success of this program so that it can be implemented properly and is beneficial to the community. In general, the problems that occur in the assistance of Poor Rice assistance are still not optimal, because at the time of selection of poor rice recipients there is no system that supports so that during the selection process still using estimates only and there is no calculation at the time of selection of poor rice recipients. So that few or many people sometimes protest because people are supposed to get help but they don't get the assistance, and vice versa. The purpose of this study is to help the committee to receive poor rice assistance in selecting people who are entitled to receive assistance, especially in the district of Banawa. The research method used is the software development method using the prototype method and decision-making method using the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method. Based on the results of testing conducted with the black box technique, the results show that the decision support system for receiving poor rice assistance can help the sub-district, especially the committee in selecting poor rice aid recipients, by comparing the criteria for each alternative and showing the value the highest of alternatives means that the alternative is the main choice for receiving poor rice assistance.

The study focuses on the importance of studying the local history of major administrative units in its various political, economic, social and health aspects In order to draw a true picture of the reality of the situation at a certain historical stage for those administrative units and the interrelatedness of various factors involved in drawing that picture. The research contained a study on the health status in Iraq in general and Dulaim Hamlet in particular as part of Iraq through this reality in the field of common diseases and their causes, health institutions and their reality and workers; their number and distribution into the administrative units in the Hamlet benefiting from academic studies and reports of administrative inspectors of official bodies in the capital and to describe the reality and its problems. The most prominent point in the research is to identify the disabilities the population was suffering from, as mentioned in the statistical tables of the number of people with these disabilities and their percentage in relation to the total population of the districtAnd what this constitutes of social and economic weight on society. The research also highlighted the relationship between the scientific level of the population and the level of illiteracy and the level of diseases and disabilities in the society.

Relations between the European Union (EU) and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan are based on a Cooperation Agreement on Partnership and Development, in force since 2004. This accord seeks to enhance two-way trade, support comprehensive and sustainable development, and promote investment and mutually beneficial economic, technical, and cultural links. ft helps build Pakistan's economic capacity to interact more effectively with the EU and the world. The EU and Pakistan are pursuing a strategic relationship that aims to eradicate poverty and extremism by advancing economic and development goals and supporting sustained democratic governance as agreed in a summit in June 2009. Both partners must realize that it would be mutually beneficial to explore new innovative avenues of cooperation and collaboration in different fields to give the existing relationship a firmer footing.

The Industrialised Building System (IBS) was introduced over 10 years ago in Malaysia, with well-documented benefits and strong support from the government. Apparently, the adoption and implementation of IBS is still low and below the government target. When adopting IBS, construction players mostly face different issues and challenges, particularly on contractual aspects, which contribute to the low adoption of IBS in Malaysia. There is also a lack of provision in the significant clauses of the Malaysian standard contract form to fit the development of IBS to date. The aim of this paper is thus to establish a system of factors underpinned by Deming's Theory for the improvement of the significant clauses in the standard contract form for IBS construction in Malaysia. A multi-method approach was used to achieve its aim, including an extensive literature review, findings from the previous study via document analysis, preliminary survey, questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews. The research revealed that there are five significant clauses with important factors that can be improved in the existing Malaysian standard form of contract in relation to the IBS construction. The research also developed a framework that would be able to assist the policy and decision-makers in understanding what the improvement factors that need to be considered in the significant clauses in the standard form of contract in relation to the IBS construction. The research output (the framework) was validated by the prominent industry players on the practicality, suitability to its purposes for the related stakeholders. The developed framework would be able to accelerate the adoption of IBS construction in parallel with the initiatives (P3) in the Construction Industry Transformation Programme (CITP).

Perbincangan berhubung dengan persejarahan tradisional di Borneo Utara dan alam Melayu adalah tidak lengkap tanpa membicarakan sejarah pelanunannya. Berbeza dengan sejarah pelanunan (piracy) di barat, perkembangan sejarah pelanunan di rantau ini berlaku bukan sahaja untuk tujuan ekonomi dan politik pemerintah tetapi turut dibayangi oleh pengaruh daripada nilai-nilai sosiobudaya para pemerintah, pembesar dan masyarakat pada waktu itu. Suku Iranun, Balangingi, Bajau dan Dayak Laut telah mencipta nama dalam persejarahan pelanunan di Borneo Utara dan kepulauan Asia Tenggara apabila suku-suku ini muncul sebagai perompak di laut serta pemburu hamba yang cukup digeruni oleh para pelayar, pedagang dan pentadbir barat sehingga mereka dilabelkan sebagai pirate serta penjenayah oleh orang Inggeris di Tanah Melayu dan Borneo Utara; orang Sepanyol di Filipina dan orang Belanda di Indonesia. Secara ringkasnya, makalah ini bertujuan membicarakan sejarah pelanunan di Tungku, Borneo Utara iaitu lokasi yang pernah menjadi pangkalan dan operasi terakhir aktiviti pelanunan serta pemburuan hamba semasa era Kesultanan Sulu sebelum ia berakhir ketika era pentadbiran British North Borneo Company (BNBC). Artikel ini berbentuk kualitatif dan bertemakan sejarah. Bahan dan sumber diperoleh daripada Arkib Negara Malaysia, Arkib Negara Malaysia Cawangan Sabah, Perpustakaan Negeri Sabah, Perpustakaan Universiti Malaysia Sabah dan lain- lain. Makalah ini diharapkan dapat merekonstruksikan semula sejarah pelanunan di Borneo Utara bukan sahaja dari kaca mata barat tetapi juga dari world-view atau pandangan dunia Malay centic itu sendiri.

ABSTRACT Tropical rainforest is Indonesia's natural potential to be saved. The condition of forests in Indonesia, especially in the town of Bontang, East Kalimantan is of concern. The amount of forest destruction caused by human behavior such as forest fires, illegal logging which will impact on environmental damage and can disrupt human activities. This is a threat to the existence of rain forest rainforest such as loss of function of forest itself. The purpose of this study is to find out what kind of education programs provided by the government to the surrounding community in maintaining the rainforest. Bontang city government focus on providing understanding to the public about the importance of maintaining the existence of tropical rain forests in the city of Bontang. This research uses qualitative approach with interview method and focus group discussion (FGD). Government efforts in pursuing activities to educate many experienced obstacles. Counseling is more focused on how to bring benefits to the community in managing the forest but still maintain the forest resources. Such as rubber planting because rubber can increase people's income. this activity is expected to be effective in involving the community to help the government maintain the tropical rain forest in Bontang city.Keywords: Tropical Rain Forest, Education, Society.