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This book examines the economic gains and social costs of agrarian transformation in India. The author looks at three phases of agrarian transformation: colonial, post- colonial, and neoliberal. This work combines macro and micro economic data, economic and noneconomic phenomena, and quantitative and qualitative aspects while exploring the context of historical and contemporary changes with special reference to Maharashtra in western India. It discusses regional disparities in agricultural development, issues of modernisation and social inequality, land owning among scheduled castes and tribes, women in agriculture, pattern of labour migration and farmer's suicides, and documents the experiences and conditions of the rural poor and socially weaker sections to provide a comprehensive understanding of the significant changes in agrarian rural economy of western India. It also discusses contemporary development policy and practices and their consequences. Lucid and topical, this volume will be useful to scholars and researchers of agrarian studies, rural sociology, social history, agricultural economics, development studies, political economy, political studies, and public policy, as well as planning and policy experts.

This book evaluates the relevance of classical debates on agrarian transition and extends the horizon of contemporary debates in the Indian context, linking national trends with regional experiences. It identifies new dynamics in agrarian political economy and presents a comprehensive account of diverse aspects of capitalist transition both at theoretical and empirical levels. The essays discuss several neglected domains in agricultural economics such as discursive dimensions of agrarian relations and limitations of stereotypical binaries between capital and non-capital, rural and urban sectors, agriculture and industry, and accumulation and subsistence. With contributions from major scholars in the field, this volume will be useful to scholars and researchers of agriculture, economics, political economy, sociology, rural development and development studies.

Kailash Sarap and Venkatanarayana Motkuri (eds), Adivasis in India: Resources, Livelihoods and Institutions. New Delhi: Bloomsbury, 2016, xiii + 278 pp., ₹999 (hardback), ISBN 978-93-85936-23-4.

Manish Thakur (ed.), Indian Village: A Conceptual History. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 2014, x + 214 pp., ₹650 (hardback), ISBN: 978-81-316-0638-6.

In the post-Independence India, systematic attempts have been made to modernize agriculture through a new strategy based on water-seed-fertilizer-technology package keeping growth and equity as the prime concern. Based on Satara which is one of the highly agricultural modernized districts of Maharashtra, the study analyses the socio-economic effects of the new measures on various categories of rural population both at the micro and macro levels. The results of the study indicate that though the collective impact of these measures has substantially enhanced the agricultural production, it has systematically bypassed the equity issue. The conditions of benefit of the new measures being relative to the resource ownership position, the large farmers have emerged as a class of rich farmers who dominate the socio-economic and political spheres of rural society. Therefore, the paper concludes that the sole objective of agricultural transformation is to create a market and growth oriented rich farmer led agriculture and the question of equality is a myth which constitutes the integral part of the political process of manufacturing consent for a regime of domination and inequality.

AbstractThis work introduces a methodology to find solutions corresponding to different purposes in a multiple attribute decision‐making problem under fuzzy environment. The discernment of purpose‐based solutions becomes important when the problem is defined vaguely and solution is targeted to heterogeneous population. Depending on the purpose, for which the solution is sought, the attributes are identified and weighted in an appropriate proportion. The level of similarity between a pair of attributes plays an important role to determine the aggregated value of attributes specific to a purpose. Our work determines the similarity levels between a pair of attributes by calculating their maximum attainability in presence of each other. The achievement of an attribute in presence of another is represented as a fuzzy set in the unit interval. The crisp equivalents of the fuzzy sets in the unit interval are used to define their simultaneous satisfaction denoted as 1‐step relation. The 1‐step relation is extended to (m‐1)‐step relation to calculate the degree of attainability of the same pair of attributes in the presence of m (all) attributes. The different levels of (m‐1)‐step relations generate several partitions of the attributes corresponding to multiple purposes in the multiple attribute decision‐making problems. The degree of fulfilment of the purposes in the alternatives are numerically derived by first taking weighted average of attributes within the equivalence classes of a partition and then aggregating the values corresponding to equivalence classes through ordered weighted averaging. The methodology is illustrated with a numerical example. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Khandesh region in Maharashtra is an extensive plain interspersed with ranges of hills. It is nearly surrounded by broad chains of mountains covered with vegetation. It was inhabited by the Bhils. They lived in hovels which often crested the tops of isolated hills where approach was immediately discovered and easily defended. They shifted to new habitats after a few weeks or months. Turbulent by disposition and skilful hunters by necessity, they obtained their supplies of roots, berries and game from the jungles. As Captain D. C. Graham put it, 'To barter anything but what was reaped by the hand of violence was an offence against the tribe; to cultivate or engage in mechanical craft deeply degrading; and no employment was considered to be correct which in any way interfered with the cherished burden of the long-bow, and the ponderous sheaf of arrows'.

Not Available ; The study was undertaken in Ersama block of the Jagatsinghpur district of Odisha based on a sample of 163 households randomly selected from four villages- Ambiki, Baghdi, Padmapur and Ramtara with location of the villages being from farthest to closest to sea. The super cyclone of 1999 severely impacted the lives and livelihood of the people of coastal villages of Ambiki, Baghadi, Padampur and Ramtara. Being nearest to the sea, and due to many geographical disadvantages Ramtara village was worst hit. Livestock resources that were the major source of livelihood for many households in the area got severely depleted resulting in vulnerability and livelihood insecurity of the households. Before super cyclone about threefourths of the households had dairy animals as an important source of livelihood. But in April 2017, little more than half of the households owned dairy animals and moreover, the average herd size was small resulting in low income. Similar is the case for poultry owners. But the silver lining is that even after a complete wipe out in 1999 super cyclone, there has been some revival of livestock sector in the area as evidenced by the fact that today 6-10 per cent of total household income comes from the sector. This could be attributed to support of government and non-government organizations that worked for years in the area. Therefore a special livestock development programme encompassing scientific dairy development and poultry development should be launched in potential pockets targeting the poor and women who are still struggling to wrest a living so as to create additional livelihood opportunities and improve the productivity of the sector ; Not Available