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The role of information and communication technologies as a tool for development has attracted the sustained attention of various agencies worldwide. If the gender dimensions of information and communication technologies-in terms of access and use, capacity-building opportunities, employment, and potential for empowerment-are explicitly identified and addressed, information and communication technologies can be a powerful catalyst for the political and social empowerment of women and the promotion of gender equality. ICT as a Driver of Women's Social and Economic Empowerment contributes to the growing body of literature and present state of knowledge by offering evidence on how new information and communication technologies impact women's economic and social empowerment and overall welfare creation leading to inclusive growth. Covering key topics such as economics, entrepreneurship, digital technologies, and inclusion, this premier reference source is ideal for industry professionals, policymakers, administrators, business owners, managers, researchers, academicians, scholars, practitioners, instructors, and students

This paper presents a descriptive analysis of how social value creation and business models are interconnected in the context of Bottom of Pyramid. Globally there are various cases of real business set up for people in the BOP in emerging economies for understanding the role of innovative strategies for social value creation. Social entrepreneurs through their social enterprises using disruptive innovation & catalytic innovation have played critical role in inclusive development by first catering to the masses and then to the classes. Literature on social value creation and BOP was extensively reviewed and dimensions of innovation and social value creation was identified resulting in bringing benefits to people at BOP. The present paper seeks to make a contribution to this literature by enriching our understanding of how BOP business models and social value creation through social innovations by social entrepreneurs are actually related.

Purpose
This study aims to use a multi-stage scale development process to identify the dimensions of philanthropic corporate social responsibility (PCSR) in India's fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector.


Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted a study to develop a comprehensive, reliable and valid scale for measuring PCSR based on the customer perception of FMCG product manufacturers. This research adopted a comprehensive and detailed scale development process using multi-stage sampling for scale development. This final study was conducted on a sample of 402 respondents from the city of Jaipur, India.


Findings
The results have underlined the multi-dimensional aspect of PCSR; these dimensions are: altruism towards society, volunteering for local community development, generosity towards ecology, benevolent spirit and problem-solving charity.


Practical implications
This study gives valuable insights into philanthropic scale development in the FMCG sector that can immensely help domestic and international marketers to formulate CSR as a strategy. This research provides insights into a wide range of scales which can be base for future research studies that aim to explore different organizational settings.


Originality/value
PCSR and CSR are important for developing strategies for sustainable businesses across the globe. Dimensions of PCSR will be useful for practitioners and researchers in developing second-order constructs for future studies.

This study explores the barriers and challenges faced by Saudi women entrepreneurs along with the motivational forces that drives them towards entrepreneurship. This study employs a qualitative research design, and is based on the interview of 11 Saudi women entrepreneurs and includes a review of data on the motivational factors and challenges faced by them using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Research participants' perspectives have been quoted for each distinct theme that emerged from the interview finding. The factors motivating Saudi women towards entrepreneurship have been identified as passion, identification of opportunity, dissatisfaction and family support. Barriers that are exclusive to Saudi women entrepreneurs are difficulty in maintaining work-life balance, lack of business networking, limited access to financial resources, lack of understanding of business-related tasks and functions, fear of deception, lack of trust, reservation about work-related travel, recruitment and training issues like lack of experienced and trained Saudi workers and negative attitude and non-willingness to work under female leadership. Decision-makers in government and other relevant organisations can develop a solid framework of focussed agendas, policies and measures to address the barriers identified in this study. Arab countries especially Saudi Arabia can use these results to fully utilise the entrepreneurial skills of Saudi women to boost economic growth and development. This pioneering study reveals the intricacy of Saudi women entrepreneurs' experiences in the presence of gender-bias and internalising socio-cultural values and attributed gender roles during the formation of their entrepreneurial identities through a unique non-western viewpoint.