Suchergebnisse

Introduction. Information about the armament and military arts of nomads of the Early Iron age can be obtained from writings of Greek and Roman authors, who note the warlike temper of Savromatian and Sarmatian tribes. They mention bows, swords and spears among the armament of nomads in their works. This information is confirmed by the archaeological material. Finds of spearheads in burials are quite rare and are ranked third after arrows and swords in percentage.

Methods. The typological features of spearheads are based on the shape of their pen, which allows distinguishing two types of spears – leaf-shaped and lence-shaped.

Analysis. This article is the beginning of the catalog of spearheads, darts and spear counter-weights found in the Lower Volga Region in Savromatian and Sarmatian monuments. At this moment, the authors have taken into account a sample of 29 spearheads, 3 darts and 3 spear counter-weights and made their typological analysis.

Results. The typological analysis, which forms the basis of our classification of spearheads, allows tracing the development of this type of armament in Volgograd region. The further development of this topic will help to find typological interrelationships of spearheads, to clarify their chronological positions and features of mutual occurrence in burials with other types of armament and equipment. In turn, this analysis will help to determine the social status of the buried persons and their role in ethnopolitical processes.

Today, China is the leading economic power, its gross domestic product (GDP) increased from 1979 to 2018 in 50 times, to $13,2 trillion. This is 10 times the GDP of Russia and almost 30 times the GDP of Poland. China's nominal GDP is the second in the world after the United States. The authors not only reveal the factors of the Chinese phenomenon, but also attempt to analyze the main components of China's success in economic development. The purpose of this study is a comprehensive analysis of key features of China's economic development strategy. Тhe authors examine the key features of China's economic development strategy, the priority directions of its modernization: public administration reforms, state regulation of the economy, analyze the features of attracting national and foreign investments for a breakthrough in socio-economic development. Тhe authors used the analytical, comparative, institutional and sociological methods.

The article presents results of the analysis conducted on the basis of archival materials of the bulletin "Sibarchiv" – the first in Siberia periodic information archival publication, which played an extremely important role in establishing the information exchange of archival institutions in the vast territories of the Siberian Region, in popularizing archives, attracting them to scientific work. All three and a half years' worth of issues of the bulletin are considered in detail and the most important topics and questions raised in it since 1928 highlighted. The outstanding role of V.D. Wegman, the head of the Sibarchive in saving documentary and archival materials from plunder and destruction, in organizing provincial archival departments, in attracting scientifically erudite, dedicated archiving specialists for work in the archives of Siberia is indicated. It is shown how the experience of the bulletin "Sibarchiv" turned out to be in demand by archivists of the late 20th century – early 21st century. The examples given in the article prove that modern versions of the periodic archival press – the bulletin "Novosibirsk Archival Bulletin" and the scientific and historical electronic journal "Siberian Archive" – have absorbed interesting and effective forms and methods of work from their predecessors, revived and preserved the best traditions, remained in line with the current concerns of the professional community of historians and archivists in Siberia.

The paper introduces into scientific discourse the materials of the early Sarmatian burials from the Verkhniy Balykley I kurgan cemetery from the area of the Volgograd Trans-Volga region. This monument was studied in the course of the 1978–1979 expedition organized by the Volgograd State Pedagogical Institute under the leadership of A.S. Skripkin. Materials. The burial includes four mounds located compactly on the banks of the reservoir and one single mound setting far away in the steppe. Eighteen inlet burials of the early Sarmatian time were found in three Bronze Age kurgans. Some burials contained no burial inventory; others did include a variety of grave goods. The funeral rites present a wide range of grave structures: pits with side chambers, simple rectangular pits and catacombs. The southern body orientation of the buried individuals was dominating. In kurgans 5 and 6, a circular arrangement of graves is traced, which is typical for early Sarmatian mounds-cemeteries. Material analysis. An analysis of the grave goods indicates 3rd – 1st centuries BC is the time of construction of most burials in these kurgans, which does not contradict the funeral rite traditions and reveals a range of features characteristic of the nomads of that period. A military burial with a long sword and arrows is one of the most distinguished in its kind. Ceramic material is represented by various stucco forms of pots, an incense burner and a jug. Fragments of mirrors with rollers along the edge and beads were discovered in several burials. Several stone "miniature hammers", typical for the South Ural grave materials of this period, is also an interesting find. Conclusions. In general, the studied monuments illustrate the burial traditions of the early Sarmatian population of the Ural-Volga steppes of the early Sarmatian time. The finds of pottery samples, previously unknown stone "miniature hammers" in the west of the Volga, allow us to conclude on the cultural proximity of the nomads who left the mounds near the village Verhniy Balykley with the South Ural nomads. Authors' contribution. In this paper, Anatoly S. Skripkin prepared a descriptive part of the archaeological material; Vladimir I. Moiseev analyzed the funeral rite and the inventory. Mikhail V. Krivosheev drew and presented conclusions on the analysis of the material.

The article attempts to conceptualize the place of archival institutions in Siberia in the process of the information society formation and development, the degree of their adaptation to unstable, sometimes turbulent processes in the contemporary world. The authors contemplate if the archives reflect the interests of citizens and respond to the state requests regarding the information stored in archival institutions. The article shows the forms and methods of work used by the archives – those forms and methods that can provide an optimal contact of archival institutions with the society and its citizens. Analyzing the trends in the development of archives in Siberia, the authors claim that the role of archives is changing as they become involved in the modern information space, in the processes of creating and distributing digital information, and including archives in the e-government activities. Speaking about the involvement of archival institutions in the perspective work on using the tools of the modern information society, the implementation of virtual, online, technological forms of work, the authors emphasize that the archives of Siberia continue to fulfill their traditional functions of the custodians of significant paper arrays of documentary information and provide services for its use.