Suchergebnisse

The article gives an analysis of sources and statistical justification of consumption of various types of water funds: life support of people, land and forest resources, flora and fauna, industrial and agricultural production, etc. Consumption of these or other world reserves of natural resources is tied to an increase in their demand for communication in society with the development of technological progress in the development of world natural resources. The causes of water pollution are revealed: from the discharge of petroleum products, as a result of economic activity: Tons of waste containing garbage, sewage with the presence of harmful inorganic substances are emitted daily into the water, thereby damaging the flora and fauna of reservoirs that causes it to be unfit for domestic and industrial needs, use in food and as a consequence - increase in mortality. Because of this, hundreds of different species of fish, other living organisms and plants, which play an important role in purifying water, perish annually, more exacerbating the situation. The article notes that groundwater has recently been used for economic and other purposes. For example, the Australian mainland only then became a suitable area for colonization and cultural life, when artesian waters were discovered. The regime of groundwater has been little studied and practice has followed the way of regulation of artesian waters by the norms of Roman civil law, giving the owner of a piece of land unlimited ownership of groundwaters within his possessions. However, "life itself" forced to impose restrictions on this, declaring underground waters public domain, imposing significant restrictions on the right to conduct artesian wells and the right to use water from them. Author's study showed that the widespread nature of violations of the legislation on the use of groundwater was associated with the use of water to the detriment of the interests of owners of neighboring sites, the terrain as a whole, etc. The article lists the penalties for violations of laws on the use of water funds and measures of educational and preventive nature. ; В статье дан анализ источников и статистического обоснования потребления различных видов водных фондов: жизнеобеспечения людей, земельных и лесных ресурсов, животного и растительного мира, промышленного и сельскохозяйственного производства и др. Потребление тех или иных мировых запасов природных ресурсов увязано с увеличением их востребованности обществом в связи с развитием технического прогресса в освоении мировых природных богатств. Раскрыты причины загрязнения воды: от сброса нефтепродуктов в результате хозяйственной деятельности ежедневно в воду выбрасываются тонны отходов, содержащих мусор, сточные воды с наличием вредных неорганических веществ, нанося тем самым вред флоре и фауне водоемов. Из-за этого ежегодно погибают сотни различных видов рыб, других живых организмов и растений, играющих важную роль в очищении воды, больше усугубляя ситуацию. В статье отмечается, что подземные воды сравнительно недавно стали использоваться в хозяйственных и иных целях. Например, Австралийский материк только тогда стал пригодной областью для колонизации и культурной жизни, когда были открыты артезианские воды. Режим подземных вод был мало изучен и практика пошла по пути регулирования артезианских вод нормами римского гражданского права, давая владельцу участка земли неограниченное право собственности на подземные воды в пределах его владений. Однако «сама жизнь» заставила ввести в это право ограничения, объявив подземные воды общественным достоянием, введя существенные ограничения в отношении права проведения артезианских скважин и права пользования водой из них. Авторское исследование показало, что распространенный характер нарушений законодательства о пользовании подземными водами был связан с использованием воды в ущерб интересам владельцев соседних участков, местности в целом и др. В статье приводится перечень наказаний за допущенные нарушения законов о пользовании водными фондами и меры воспитательно-предупредительного характера.

Introduction: the article considers some issues of protection of "ethnic" and "cultural" rights of indigenous numerically small peoples of the Russian Federation. It consists of several paragraphs: cultural rights of the indigenous peoples; "cultural" and "ethnic" rights in the Russian Federation; the issue of preserving "ethno-cultural diversity"; the issue of preserving "traditional medicine"; customs of indigenous numerically small peoples as a source of law. Purpose: the authors analyze and compare different approaches to defining the legal nature of the cultural heritage of Russia's indigenous numerically-small peoples as well as measures to protect this heritage, and also give a general description of legal regulation of these peoples' rights protection. Methods: the methodological framework of the research is based on a set of methods of scientific cognition, among which the dialectic method is the major one. The authors use general scientific methods (dialectics, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretization) and methods specific to legal science (formal-legal, technical-legal, comparative legal). Results: 1) the international law only mentions "ethnic" and "cultural" rights as well as "traditional knowledge" of indigenous peoples, not giving any legal definitions to these terms; 2) the constitutional law of the Russian Federation also does not contain a legal definition of the above terms; 3) protection of "ethnic" and "cultural" rights is a subject of joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and its constituent units, but is actually implemented only at the level of the constituent units; 4) in the Russian Federation there is no well-regulated system of support for "ethnic and cultural diversity" since such a system may impede the prosess of a unified nation formation; 5) existing regulations do not address the issues relating to the support for "traditional medicine" as a manifestation of "ethnic" and "cultural" rights of indigenous numerically small peoples; 6) the rulemaking process in Russia does not take into consideration traditional forms of habitat and customs of these peoples. Conclusions: analysis of the current legislation of the Russian Federation on cultural rights of indigenous numerically small peoples, as well as of scientific literature on the study of ethnic and cultural diversity of the peoples of the Russian Federation has been conducted.