Suchergebnisse

Intro -- List of Figures -- Notes and Abbreviations -- Acknowledgements -- Prologue -- 1 Introduction - Whose History? -- 1 Examining Apartheid and the Commonwealth -- 2 Evidence and Archives -- 3 The Commonwealth -- 4 Apartheid and South Africa -- 2 The Decline of the 'Imperial' Commonwealth -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Post-war Commonwealth -- 3 The 1949 London Agreement -- 4 Conclusion -- 3 Afrikaner Nationalism and the Rise of Apartheid -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Smuts and the United Nations -- 3 The Royal Tour and the 1948 Elections -- 4 Smuts, Segregation and Apartheid -- 5 Resisting Apartheid -- 6 Britain, South Africa and a Changing Commonwealth -- 7 Conclusion -- 4 Sharpeville and South Africa's Commonwealth Exit -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sharpeville, the Referendum and the Republic -- 3 South Africa's Commonwealth Exit: The Aftermath -- 4 Conclusion -- 5 The Rhodesian Rebellion, Arms to South Africa and the 'New' Commonwealth -- 1 Creating a New Commonwealth -- 2 The UK Turns to Europe -- 3 The Commonwealth Secretariat -- 4 The Rhodesian Rebellion -- 5 Arms to South Africa -- 6 Boycotting Apartheid in Sport -- 1 Introduction -- 2 South Africa, Sport and Race -- 3 The Commonwealth, Apartheid Sport and the Gleneagles Agreement -- 4 Conclusion -- 7 Implementing Gleneagles and Problems of Implementation: from New Zealand to Moscow -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Challenges to Gleneagles -- 3 Conclusion -- 8 Zimbabwe's Birth - Thatcher's Triumph? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Lusaka CHOGM 1979 -- 3 The Lancaster House Agreement -- 4 Zimbabwe's Birth -- 5 The Fifth Brigade, Matabeleland and the Gukurahundi -- 6 Conclusion -- 9 Mission to South Africa - Negotiating with Apartheid -- 1 Introduction -- 2 After Zimbabwe: The Commonwealth, the UK and Southern Africa -- 3 The 1985 Nassau Summit: Sanctions and a Divided Commonwealth.

This book explores the role of the modern Commonwealth in the international campaign against apartheid in South Africa. Spanning the period of South Africa's apartheid state, from its foundation in 1948 until its ending in April 1994, the author demonstrates that, after the 1960 Sharpeville massacre and South Africa's subsequent exclusion from the Commonwealth, the organisation was able to become both "pathfinder and interlocutor" on the road to South Africa's freedom. As well as South Africa's ejection from the Commonwealth, apartheid's increasing isolation was sustained by the Commonwealth's pioneering work in boycotting apartheid sport, as well as campaigning to stop arms sales. It also played an important role in internationalising economic and financial sanctions, credited by some as the final nail in apartheid's coffin, and was able to make an important and distinctive contribution to the transition to democracy. At the same time, critical debates within the Commonwealth about racial and political equality transformed the association from a docile, post-imperial organisation, led by the UK and in its own interests, to a modern, multiracial North-South' forum for reconciling global difference and overcoming the legacies of colonialism. This comprehensive and authoritative account of the Commonwealth's engagement with apartheid South Africa is intended for all those who study and research the modern Commonwealth, its structure and influence, and for those with a general interest in contemporary post-war history.