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On 16 July 2015, in Oslo, the coastal states of the Arctic Ocean – Canada, Denmark, Norway, the Russian Federation and the United States (Arctic Five) – took a long-awaited further step in the international regulation of Arctic Ocean fisheries by signing the 'Declaration Concerning the Prevention of Unregulated High Seas Fishing in the Central Arctic Ocean' (Oslo Declaration). Key features of the Declaration are that it contains various political commitments, rather than international obligations; it relates exclusively to fishing in the high seas portion of the central Arctic Ocean; it is different than a 'moratorium', 'ban' or 'freeze of fishing effort'; and it applies only to the Arctic Five.

States and entrepreneurs are becoming increasingly interested in the economic potential of ocean areas beyond the national jurisdiction of coastal States, namely the high seas and the Area. This has led to growing support within the international community to enhance the international legal regime for those areas, among other things to protect and preserve the environment and biodiversity. However, the current debate in international fora indicates that States have widely different interpretations on key aspects of this regime. For instance, what implications do the principles contained in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea have for the governance and regulation of these areas, how is access to natural resources best regulated, how are benefits derived from these areas to be distributed and which specific institutional frameworks should be employed in the management of areas beyond national jurisdiction? -- This work intends to contribute to a better understanding of the international law aspects of the ongoing debate on current and future international governance and regulation of areas beyond national jurisdiction. To this end four specific topics are examined: principles and objectives of the legal regime; institutional arrangements for the legal regime; entitlements to marine living resources; and compliance with international regulations.

The regional implementation of the law of the sea and the polar regions / Alex G. Oude Elferink, Erik J. Molenaar and Donald R. Rothwell -- The evolving Antarctic treaty system : implications of accommodating developments in the law of the sea / Shirley V. Scott -- The developing regional regime for the marine Arctic / Betsy Baker -- The outer limits of the continental shelf in the polar regions / Alex G. Oude Elferink -- Marine protected areas in the arctic / Suzanne Lalonde -- Marine protected areas in the southern ocean / Karen N. Scott -- Environmental assessments in the marine areas of the polar regions / Robin Warner -- Migratory species conservation in warming polar oceans, with particular reference to -- Seabirds / Arie Trouwborst -- International regulation of polar shipping / Laura Boone -- Antarctic fisheries management / Andrew Serdy -- Arctic fisheries management / Erik J. Molenaar -- Marine mammals in the Antarctic treaty system / Joanna Mossop -- The conservation and utilization of marine mammals in the Arctic region / Nigel Bankes -- Marine scientific research in the Antarctic treaty system / Rene Lefeber -- Marine scientific research in the Arctic / Yoshinobu Takei -- Maritime security in the polar regions / Donald R. Rothwell -- Interactions between global and regional regimes: trends and prospects / Erik J. Molenaar, Donald R. Rothwell and Alex G. Oude Elferink.

This is submitted manuscript version. Published version available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2015.05.012 ; The development of regional governance for the protection of the environment, sustainable use of natural resources and conservation of its biodiversity is unquestionably a cornerstone of international environmental law and policy. With regard to marine and coastal issues, it has mainly been taking place through Regional Seas programmes, Regional Fishery Bodies and Large Marine Ecosystems mechanisms. Based on a similar geographical approach, however, these regional mechanisms raise concerns relating to their coordination and efficiency, and possibly overlap in what they aim to achieve. This paper provides a review of existing regional oceans governance mechanisms, assessing their individual and collective capacities to move towards ecosystem-based management, and highlighting options to make the regional landscape more coherent and effective.

Preliminary Material /Cedric Ryngaert , Erik J. Molenaar and Sarah M.H. Nouwen -- Introduction: "What's Wrong with International Law?" /Cedric Ryngaert , Erik J. Molenaar and Sarah M.H. Nouwen -- Fred Soons: A Pragmatic Trust in International Law /André Nollkaemper -- An Appreciation of Fred Soons /John K. Gamble -- Some Reflections on What's Wrong with the Law of the Sea /Rosemary Rayfuse -- Responsibility for Human Rights Violations Arising from the Use of Privately Contracted Armed Security Personnel against Piracy. Re-Emphasizing the Primary Role and Obligations of Flag States /Jessica N.M. Schechinger -- A Sketch of the Concept of Ocean Governance and Its Relationship with the Law of the Sea /Yoshinobu Takei -- Is There Something Wrong with the Increasing Role of Private Actors? The Case of the Offshore Energy Sector /Seline Trevisanut -- Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims and Politics: Curse or Cure? /Vivian van der Kuil -- Bad Law and a Hard Case? The Impact of the Wall Advisory Opinion of the ICJ /Matthijs de Blois -- International Human Rights Implementation: Strengthen Existing Mechanisms, Establish a World Court for Human Rights, or Both? /Jenny E. Goldschmidt -- Prohibitions on Dissenting Opinions in International Arbitration /Patricia Jimenez Kwast -- Transnational Human Rights Litigation against Multinational Corporations Post-Kiobel /Menno T. Kamminga -- What is Wrong with International Standards on Social Protection? /Frans Pennings -- Corporate Social Responsibility: A New Framework for International Standard Setting? /Teun Jaspers -- Caught Napping by (Sea) Wolves: International Wildlife Law and Unforeseen Circumstances Involving the Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) and the Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) /Arie Trouwborst -- What is Wrong with International Environmental Law? /Johan G. Lammers -- A Critical Look at the Law of Treaties: Giving Recognition to Informal Means of Treaty Adaptation /Irina Buga -- Absolute Validity, Absolute Immunity: Is There Something Wrong with Article 103 of the UN Charter? /Guido den Dekker -- Aspects of the Law of Treaties /Kenneth. J. Keith -- Good Governance: A Principle of International Law /Henk Addink -- The Right to Peace: A Mischievous Declaration /Peter van Krieken -- Self-Determination and Regional Human Rights Bodies: The Case of Southern Cameroons and the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights /Brianne McGonigle Leyh -- What's Wrong with the Relationship between the International Court of Justice and the Security Council? /Otto Spijkers -- What's Wrong with International Law? /M.C.W. Pinto -- The Under-Appreciated Role of Curial Settlement in International Law Norm-Making: Using Transnational Law and Diffusion Studies to Re-Assess the Status of Prior Decisions /Pieter Bekker and Thomas Innes -- How and to Whom Do We Explain International Law? /John K. Gamble -- Fragmentation in International Law and Governance: Understanding the Sum of the Parts /Charlotte Ku -- Whither Territoriality? The European Union's Use of Territoriality to Set Norms with Universal Effects /Cedric Ryngaert -- Revealing the Publicness of International Law /Ramses A. Wessel -- What's Wrong with International Lawyers? /John Dugard -- Index /Cedric Ryngaert , Erik J. Molenaar and Sarah M.H. Nouwen.

The changing maritime Arctic and new marine operations / Lawson W Brigham -- The Arctic, the Arctic Council, and the law of the sea / Erik J Molenaar -- The rights, interests and role of the Arctic Council permanent participants / Dalee S Dorough -- The IMO, its role under UNCLOS and its polar shipping regulation / Aldo Chircop -- The polar code and its adequacy / J Ashley Roach -- Russia / Jan J Solski -- Canada and the United States / Donald R Rothwell -- Norway, Denmark (in respect of Greenland) and Iceland / Tore Henriksen -- Rights, interests, positions and practices of Asian flag states, with special reference to the Republic of Korea / Deukhoon (Peter) Han and Sung-Woo Lee -- Equal treatment and non-discrimination for user states / Guifang (Julia) Xue and Yu Long -- The rights and interests of Japan in regard to Arctic shipping / Kentaro Nishimoto -- The cooperative mechanism for the straits of Malacca and Singapore / Robert C Beckman and Sun Zhen -- Oil spill preparedness and response--the Singapore experience / Captain M Segar -- Conclusions on challenges and prospects for enhanced cooperation on the governance of Arctic shipping / Robert C Beckman, Tore Henriksen, Kristine Dalaker Kraabel, Erik J Molenaar andJ Ashley Roach