Suchergebnisse

The dominant explanation of spatial unemployment in the literature assumes that workers must live in an area in order to be able to access job offers. This gives rise to 'compensating variations' in local wages and unemployment. However, for many occupations search is clearly conducted over longer distances from a home base. In the model presented in this paper, migration and unemployment are analysed both when the optimal search field is local, as in the traditional model, and when search is conducted over longer distances. I compare equilibria in these two regimes, and discuss the implications for regional policy.

Sets out a version of a standard conjectural‐variations oligopoly model,
and investigates the properties of that model with respect to the
effects of entry. Shows within this context that entry unambiguously
reduces incumbents′ margins and output, while raising industry output.
Also shows that higher degrees of collusion in an industry may induce
entry at increased levels of output.

Whilst local pay differentials lie at the heart of most models of local labour markets, not enough is known about the size and trends of such differentials in Great Britain. This study is based on a new data set, derived from Inland Revenue and Department of Social Security statistics, for a 1 per cent sample of National Insurance records. The information was available at the detailed Local Labour Market Area level annually from 1975-76 to 1987-88, disaggregated by sex, age, industry and (for women) marital status. The data showed a marked widening of local pay differentials in the late 1980s. Much of the cross-sectional variation reflected a differential between Greater London and the rest of the country (partly reflected in house prices). The trend towards increasing local pay differentials over time was still in evidence, however, even when labour markets in the South East were excluded from the sample.

This paper uses a simultaneous equations model of labour and housing market relationships in the London Metropolitan region in order to illuminate some of the specific characteristics of female labour markets in an explicitly spatial context. In addition to restricted female commuting fields, two significant sets of spatial constraint were identified: firstly, the residential location of married women tended to depend on access to male, not female, employment opportunities; and secondly, limited access to owner occupation tended to restrict the residential mobility of non-married women. Nevertheless, responsiveness to local demand conditions of married women's participation rates on the one hand, and non-married women's migration on the other, rendered local female unemployment comparatively less sensitive to employment change.

This paper models migration probabilities in a duration context, where migration may occur at the end of an observed residence spell. The analysis is based on a sample of young women in rural locations in France, and relates to their first move after leaving full-time education. We distinguish between residence spells that end in long- as compared to short-distance moves. The results for women are compared with those in an earlier analysis for men. Single women are found to be significantly less likely than non-single (for example, married) women to move, and this effect is stronger than the corresponding effect for men. Women appear to develop weaker job attachments than men over time, but stronger attachments to their home. Finally, women appear to respond less strongly than men to employment status transitions.