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In the coming decades, about one in five drivers will be aged 65 or more years in many Western nations. Given the increased fatal crash risk of older adults coupled with the continuing need for effective mobility, the issue of older adult safety and mobility is complex. Indeed, researchers have suggested that this issue has two interdependent, underlying goals for research and programs: to help those who are able to drive safely continue to do so and to identify and provide community mobility support to those who are no longer able to drive. This article briefly discusses the issues and research needs related to older adult safety and mobility including population and driving trends, crash risks, skills needed for safe driving, the effects of medical conditions and medicines on driving skills, screening and assessment, strategies for extending safe driving, and driving cessation and the use of alternative transportation options.

Intro -- Title page -- Table of Contents -- Copyright -- About the authors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part I: Background -- 1. The challenges -- Abstract -- The growing and aging world -- Older driver licensing -- Age-related declines in abilities needed for safe driving -- Fatal crashes and older drivers -- Crash trends among older drivers -- Driving cessation -- The changing transportation landscape -- Conclusions -- References -- 2. Driving patterns and behaviors among older adults -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Differences in travel and driving patterns between older drivers today and in the past -- Differences in travel and driving patterns between younger and older adults -- Differences in travel and driving patterns among today's older drivers -- Conclusions -- References -- 3. Use of nondriving transportation options -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Traditional mobility options -- Supplemental transportation services -- Walking and bicycling -- New and emerging mobility paradigms -- Conclusions -- References -- 4. A framework for promoting older adult safe transportation -- Abstract -- Introduction -- An ecological framework for promoting and understanding older adult safe transportation -- Conclusions -- References -- Part II: Perspectives -- 5. Older adults -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Education and training -- Exercise and fitness -- Vehicles -- Aftermarket vehicle adaptation -- Planning for future mobility -- Conclusions -- References -- 6. Family members, friends, and other informal caregivers -- Abstract -- Caregivers and their role -- Recognizing signs of driving problems -- Cost of caregiving -- Identifying and making use of services -- Other caregiver resources for providing transportation or assisting in transitioning from driving to non-driving -- Caregiving gap and policy recommendations -- Conclusions -- References

Addresses the complexities surrounding the booming number of aging drivers and practical solutions for sustaining safe transportation. This book discusses about safe mobility on a variety of areas, including: necessary skills for safe driving and how age affects them; and evidence on how medical conditions and medication hinder driving skills

This article has two aims. The first is to present results that partly explain why some automobile drivers choose to use their seatbelts only part time, thereby exposing themselves to unnecessary risk. The second is to offer and illustrate the "cardinal decision issue perspective"(1) as a tool for guiding research and development efforts that focus on complex real‐life decision behaviors that can entail wide varieties of risk, including but not limited to inconsistent seatbelt use. Each of 24 young male participants drove an instrumented vehicle equipped to record continuously seatbelt use as well as other driving data. After all trips were finished, each participant completed an interview designed to reconstruct how he made randomly selected seatbelt‐use decisions under specified conditions. The interview also examined whether and how drivers established "decision policies" regarding seatbelt use. Such policies were good predictors of inconsistent seatbelt use. Drivers who had previously adopted policies calling for consistent seatbelt use were significantly more likely than others to actually drive belted. Meta‐decisions about seatbelt policy adoption appeared to rest on factors such as whether the driver had ever been asked to consider selecting a policy. Whether a driver made an ad hoc, on‐the‐spot seatbelt‐use decision was associated with a perceived need to make such a decision. Finally, participants with full‐time policies were especially likely to deploy their seatbelts by default, without recognizing the need to decide about belt use on a trip‐by‐trip basis. We end with recommendations for reducing inconsistencies in seatbelt use in actual practice.

In recent years, a revolution has occurred in the United States in how we license drivers. Since the mid-1990s, most states have adopted some form of graduated licensing, a phase-in system for young beginners, designed to protect them and others on the road while they are learning. In this session, we will assess and summarize the present status of graduated licensing in the United States. Topics covered are: the risk factors a graduated system should address; how adequately the legislation that has been enacted addresses these risks; what the early evaluations are showing about the effects of graduated licensing systems on crashes and injuries; and other risk factors for young drivers — how graduated licensing does, does not, or could address them.