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Las ciudades son fuente de innovación, y a su vez, su configuración y funcionamiento vienen determinadas por la innovación. Sin embargo, el rol de los gobiernos locales en la regulación de la innovación tecnológica no se ha estudiado sistemáticamente. El artículo presenta una primera aproximación a la literatura y ejemplos recientes para explorar cómo, dada la dimensión urbana de las nuevas tecnologías y los modelos de negocio de las plataformas digitales, los gobiernos locales tienen una influencia creciente en la regulación de la innovación tecnológica, con una capacidad, a su vez, de innovar en cómo se regulan estas actividades.

ETNOHISTORIA (ANTROPOLOGÍA HISTÓRICA) -- PÁGINA LEGAL -- ÍNDICE -- INFORMACIÓN SOBRE LA ASIGNATURA -- EQUIPO DOCENTE -- TUTORÍA -- INTRODUCCIÓN A LA ASIGNATURA -- OBJETIVOS -- CONTENIDOS -- EVALUACIÓN -- LECTURAS OBLIGATORIAS -- BIBLIOGRAFÍA COMPLEMENTARIA -- INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL -- PRIMERA PARTE «... SALIR DEL PASO» ETNOHISTORIA EN VIENA -- INTRODUCCIÓN -- TEMA I MARCO ORIENTATIVO. LA ANTROPOLOGÍA EN EL ÁMBITO ALEMÁN -- 1. LA ANTROPOLOGÍA ALEMANA ENTRE 1860 HASTA 1956 -- 2. PRIMEROS PASOS: WAFAK Y LOS ESTUDIOS SOBRE ÁFRICA -- TEMA II LA ETNOHISTORIA DE «TINTE VIENÉS -- 1. LA APUESTA DE KARL RUDOLF WERNHART: ETNOHISTORIA - HISTORIA ESTRUCTURAL - ENFOQUE TRANSCULTURAL1 -- 2. PERIODO: 1962-1975. PREPARACIÓN DE UNA METODOLOGÍA OPERATIVA -- 2.1. Superación de la etnográfica histórica -- 2.2. Elaboración de un catálogo de categorías de fuentes -- 2.3. Crítica de fuentes -- TEMA III -- 1. PERIODO 1975-1985 LA ETNOHISTORIA HACIA UNA «HISTORIA ESTRUCTURAL» (STRUKTURGESCHICHTE) -- 1.1. Incorporación de «Etno-arqueología»: trabajando la continuidad -- 1.2. La dimensión temporal: «Phasenkonzept, Statisches Kulturbild y Dynamisches Kulturbild» (Modelo de secuencias temporales) -- 2. PERIODO 1985-2004 EL ENFOQUE TRANSCULTURAL EN ETNOHISTORIA -- 2.1. Transculturación versus Aculturación -- BIBLIOGRAFÍA DE LA PRIMERA PARTE -- LECTURAS PRÁCTICAS DE ETNOHISTORIA LA SALUD DEL INDÍGENA EN LA HISTORIA CULTURAL1 -- LA SALUD DEL INDÍGENA EN LA HISTORIA CULTURAL1 DEL CUSCO REPUBLICANO -RAÍCES Y EFECTOS DE LA EXCLUSIÓN- -- LAS INDÍGENAS CHAQUEÑAS BAJO LA MIRADA JESUÍTICA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA DIFERENCIA DE GÉNERO EN LAS MISIONES DEL CHACO. SIGLO XVIII1 -- SEGUNDA PARTE EN LOS MÁRGENES DE LA ANTROPOLOGÍA -- TEMA I ETNOHISTORIA AMERICANA -- 1. INTRODUCCIÓN: BOSQUEJO HISTÓRICO -- 1.1. La evolución como historia universal (1860-1900)

The 20th century witnessed populations increasingly concentrated in cities, and this global pattern has persisted into the 21st century. A principal reason for the urban concentration lies in the greater employment advantages offered by bigger metropolises. While this relationship is well documented, few studies have examined whether these benefits differ according to urban dwellers' birth country. This article analyzes to what extent the migrant–native gap in unemployment and occupational attainment varies according to municipality or city size and, if so, whether that change in inequality is explained by differences in the sociodemographic composition of foreign and native-born populations in big metropolises. Using data from the Spanish General Social Survey, results show that absolute migrant–native labor inequality does vary across city sizes, although in different ways. In larger cities, gross inequality with respect to unemployment seems to be disappearing, whereas in the same places, gross inequality in access to unskilled occupations grows progressively. Controlling for individual, family, and context-related factors explains changes across cities in the unemployment gap, but not in occupational attainment. In other words, big cities do not equalize the risk of unemployment between foreign-born workers and the native-born population but do have a negative impact on equality when it comes to avoiding the occupational ladder's bottom rung. This finding suggests that many international migrants may move to big cities attracted by employment chances, but, in this urban "land of opportunities," they are more dependent on unskilled jobs and fall into a "trap of precariousness."

AbstractGovernments around the world are increasingly recognizing the power of problem-oriented governance as a way to address complex public problems. As an approach to policy design and implementation, problem-oriented governance radically emphasizes the need for organizations to continuously learn and adapt. Scholars of public management, public administration, policy studies, international development, and political science have made important contributions to this problem-orientation turn; however, little systematic attention has been paid to the question of the state capabilities that underpin problem-oriented governance. In this article, we address this gap in the literature. We argue that three core capabilities are structurally conducive to problem-oriented governance: a reflective-improvement capability, a collaborative capability, and a data-analytic capability. The article presents a conceptual framework for understanding each of these capabilities, including their chief constituent elements. It ends with a discussion of how the framework can advance empirical research as well as public-sector reform.

Cities today are key sites for the operation of global digital marketplaces. It is on the curbsides and at the intersections of cities where technology companies and digital platforms gain access to valuable urban data to be used in the delivery of data-driven services. In this context, urban data ownership and control have become a central policy arena for smart city governance. This article argues that, given the increased policy activism by city governments, there is an urgent need to better understand the key goals and instruments deployed by cities to resist corporate control of urban data. It first reviews the treatment of the topic by different strands in the literature on smart city governance and then uses the 'New Data Deal' programme launched by the city of Barcelona to draw empirical data from one of the author's involvement leading the programme, interviews with actors involved in the programme as well as from key policy and evaluation documents. By studying the design and implementation of Barcelona's 'New Data Deal', an early mover and leading reference in the academic and policy debates, the article presents the key successes, limitations and tensions faced by a city government trying to regain access and control over urban data, including a reflection on the role that city governments can play in shaping a global agenda around improved data governance.

Autor tomado do final do texto ; Precede ó tít.: Ordenacion del Egèrcito de Galicia ; Texto datado en Santiago, 28 de Marzo de 1829 ; Apostillas marxinais