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According to a statement made in the BP Energy Outlook report in 2017, most of the world's liquid fuel (petroleum) is being consumed by the transportation industry. The mechanisms used to stimulate changes in the energy markets are affected by government policies that act in more ambitious ways than purely market-driven forces; different governments have promoted incentives involving electric mobility, especially in urban areas. The substitution for crude oil by renewable energy inputs in the transport sector is a major concern for oil producers. Among the different types of clean energies, lithium (Li) is currently assuming an increasingly strategic role. The goals of this paper are two-fold: First, we study the dynamics of the lithium industry and then the beta risk behavior of the 10 largest oil companies in the world for the time period between 11 February 2008 and 10 January 2019. We use an approach based on the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) method. The results indicate that there is a period of dependence between late 2013 and 2016 that occurs in the long-run frequencies of between 32 and 198 days for all cases, except for in the case of PetroChina, thereby demonstrating that the beta term is time-varying. We also find evidence that the beta term reflects and advances oil companies' responsiveness to movements in the lithium market. In the second part of the paper, we study the dynamics of the beta series by using long-run dependence approaches. The results indicate that the betas are highly persistent, with the order of integration found to be significantly above 1 in all cases.

The aim of this work was to make an estimate of the remaining metal resources of the Haveri tailings (SW Finland) that were deposited for 60 years ago. We used existing databases (Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, As, Pb, Ag, Au, Fe, S) of previous valorization performed in the 1980's with high sample density; a total of 1201 tailings samples from 165 drill cores. Cobalt, Cu, and Au were chosen for further statistical evaluation, 3D block modelling, and feasibility analysis. We performed also a volume estimate of the tailings based on the depth of drill cores, which was used for the calculation of the total resources. The grade and total tonnage of remaining Au resources present economic potential in comparison to current Au production, whereas the remaining resources for Co and Cu are less promising for reprocessing. However, further feasibility studies are required. This work may serve as an example to make use of existing databases by means of geostatistical modelling techniques in combination with more profound understanding of the mineralogical associations of the metals. ; European Union Life Environment program LIFE04ENV/FI/000300 National Research and Development Agency of Chile (ANID) AFB180004 UNESCO International Geoscience Programme IGCP682 Codelco 16PTECME-66524

The aim of this paper is to identify heart rate parameters with higher significant values when a set of people are performing a task under stress condition. In order to accomplish this, one computer application with arithmetic and memory activities which lets drive the subjects to different stages of activity and stress has been designed. Tests are formed by initial and final rest periods and three task phases with incremental stressful level. Electrocardiogram is measured in each state and parameters are extracted from it. A statistical study using analysis of variance (ANOVA) is done to see which ones are the most significant. It is concluded that the median of RR segments is the parameter to best determine the state of stress. ; Regional Government of Andalusia (p08-TIC-3631)

Iron-bearing nanominerals such as ferrihydrite, schwertmannite, and green rust behave as metastable precursors leading to the formation of more thermodynamically stable iron mineral phases (e.g., jarosite, goethite, hematite, and magnetite). However, this transformation may last from days to tens or even hundreds of years, making them the most predominant iron-bearing minerals at environmental conditions and at the human time scale. The present review characterizes ferrihydrite, schwertmannite, and green rust nanominerals according to their main physical and chemical properties, and at both nano- and mesoscales. It also presents a comprehensive review of the multiple past and present Earth environments where these nanominerals have played, and still play, a pivotal role in the geochemistry, mineralogy and environmental nanogeosciences of these environments. Finally, the present and future technological applications of these nanominerals as well as their role in the generation of a more sustainable human- Earth relationship is discussed, with a special emphasis on their use in new circular economies and green based technologies. ; This research was partially supported by Advanced Mining Technology Center (AMTC) from Universidad de Chile; National Agency for Research and Development, ANID, through ANID-PIA Project AFB180004. MAC was financially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Program Ramon y Cajal 2019, Grant RYC2019-026496-I. J.P.H.P. acknowledges the funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network (grant no. 675219) and Helmholtz Recruiting Initiative (award no. I-044-16- 01). MPA was financially supported by the Junta de Andalucía through the Emergia Program 2020. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Huelva / CBUA.