Suchergebnisse

Resumo O presente trabalho, apresentado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Serviço Social e Política Social da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, como requisito parcial de aprovação na disciplina "Tópicos Especiais em Política Social: a lógica territorial na gestão das políticas sociais", objetiva analisar a política coronelista e o empreendimento capitalista que se instala na região do Contestado, dando origem à Guerra do Contestado, que se estende entre 1912 a 1916. Muito embora a Guerra do Contestado permita uma multiplicidade de abordagens teóricas e conceituais, dada a sua complexidade, optou-se no presente trabalho por uma abordagem que conjuga quatro importantes fatores para o entendimento do conflito: coronelismo; messianismo; resistência e lógica capitalista. Metodologicamente, a presente pesquisa foi construída a partir de referenciais teóricos sobre o tema, já existentes, como livros, teses e artigos. Espera-se contribuir com a presente pesquisa, especialmente com aqueles que pretendem uma aproximação inicial com o tema, ampliando a acervo teórico sobre o assunto.

International audience ; In Brazil, water management has been both sectored and centralized. In the 1990s, a series of state level reforms granted substantial participation to civil society and water users' organizations by incorporating Integrated Water Resourse Management principles and Watershed Committees as its guideline. However, its full implementation should produce quite different outcomes, understood as improved or poorer watershed environmental governance. That means that the key reason why some of these new institutions fail while others succeed is a question that remains to be fully understood. This paper examines the institutional performance of two watershed committees in Sao Paulo's Metropolitan Area, in Brazil. Specifically, we analyze why do two watershed committees, facing very similar social, economical and environmental scenarios present distinct institutional performances. Two hypothesis were considered: a) the amount of social capital within the watershed committee has a direct impact on the overall institutional performance of these committees, and therefore on the watershed environmental governance; and b) the way civil society organizations, municipalities and State representatives articulate themselves within the committee – from a social network point of view – also impacts the watershed's environmental governance. Results showed that both social capital and the social organization have an impact on the governance of these institutions over the watershed. Likewise, it is highly advisable that policy makers working on watershed management and related issues should take into account the interactions and roles played by local policy networks, as well as the relationships among relevant actors

International audience ; In Brazil, water management has been both sectored and centralized. In the 1990s, a series of state level reforms granted substantial participation to civil society and water users' organizations by incorporating Integrated Water Resourse Management principles and Watershed Committees as its guideline. However, its full implementation should produce quite different outcomes, understood as improved or poorer watershed environmental governance. That means that the key reason why some of these new institutions fail while others succeed is a question that remains to be fully understood. This paper examines the institutional performance of two watershed committees in Sao Paulo's Metropolitan Area, in Brazil. Specifically, we analyze why do two watershed committees, facing very similar social, economical and environmental scenarios present distinct institutional performances. Two hypothesis were considered: a) the amount of social capital within the watershed committee has a direct impact on the overall institutional performance of these committees, and therefore on the watershed environmental governance; and b) the way civil society organizations, municipalities and State representatives articulate themselves within the committee – from a social network point of view – also impacts the watershed's environmental governance. Results showed that both social capital and the social organization have an impact on the governance of these institutions over the watershed. Likewise, it is highly advisable that policy makers working on watershed management and related issues should take into account the interactions and roles played by local policy networks, as well as the relationships among relevant actors

O Conselho Universitário da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (Ufes) é o órgão deliberativo máximo da instituição. Sua composição obedece à Lei 5.540/1968, que determina o percentual mínimo de 70% do número de seus membros formado por servidores do corpo docente, o que tende a ocasionar disparidades entre a força política da categoria docente e da categoria dos servidores técnico-administrativos em educação, fator que possui o potencial de desequilibrar democraticamente as decisões baixadas pelo referido Conselho. Como forma de atenuar tais diferenças, aponta-se a implantação de ferramentas de transparência administrativa, visando à realização de auditorias sociais e à ampliação democrática do equilíbrio de forças entre as categorias, em alusão à Teoria do Discurso de Jürgen Habermas. A Teoria apregoa que a participação do coletivo junto à administração pública produz discursos melhor fundamentados, debatidos e democraticamente mais abrangentes, e defende que a forma de participação deliberativa deve ser realizada por meios institucionalizados. Para que tal teoria seja aplicada, é essencial que o acesso às informações seja amplo, a fim de proporcionar, à comunidade universitária, meios para acompanhar o dia a dia do Conselho. Por meio da realização de pesquisas documentais, constatou-se que o site do Conselho Universitário da Ufes atende irrisoriamente ao disposto pela Lei 12.527/2011, a chamada Lei do Acesso à Informação, o que corrobora para que os processos decisórios do órgão colegiado continuem imersos na cultura do segredo. Também foi constatado que o Conselho Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) obedece plenamente à Lei, e configura-se como um exemplo de boas práticas, principalmente no que se refere às informações disponíveis em seu site, o qual disponibiliza a transmissão ao vivo de suas sessões. Por meio de entrevistas junto aos servidores ligados diretamente aos Conselhos Universitários da Ufes e da UFSC, foi realizada uma análise comparativa sistematizada, que concluiu que, mesmo havendo hegemonia do corpo docente nas duas instituições, o nível de debate junto ao colegiado da UFSC é considerado democrático, enquanto na UFES é apontada predominância da categoria docente sobre as discussões, e que, na UFSC, a comunidade universitária se interessa pelos assuntos tratados pelo colegiado superior, enquanto na Ufes a resposta é a oposta. A partir dessas análises, foi proposta uma plataforma de ação a ser implantada pela administração da Ufes visando à melhoria do acesso à informação por meio do site do Departamento de Administração dos Órgãos Colegiados Superiores, contando com uma ferramenta de transmissão ao vivo das sessões de seu Conselho Universitário que contempla a participação da comunidade universitária, em tempo real, durante a discussão de determinados pontos de pauta. Tendo como base o referencial teórico, as pesquisas realizadas e as análises inferenciais, concluiu-se que a abertura das sessões do Conselho Universitário da Ufes ao público, contemplando o direito à fala por parte da comunidade universitária, possui o potencial de ampliar a característica democrática de suas decisões, e que tal potencial pode ser mensurado quantitativamente a posteriori, a partir de sua aplicação por meio de pesquisas de opinião ; The University Council of the Federal University of Espírito Santo (Ufes) is the highest deliberative body of the institution. Its composition obeys the Law 5.540/1968, which determines that 70% of its members must belong to the faculty, fact that tends to lead to disparities between the political strength of the teaching category and the category of technical and administrative educational employees, a factor that has the potential to destabilize democratically decisions issued by the Council. In order to mitigate such differences, points up the implementation of administrative transparency tools, to provide social audits and expand democratic balance of forces between the categories, in allusion to the Jürgen Habermas' "Discourse Theory". The theory proclaims that the participation of the collective within the government produces better reasoned speeches, more debated and democratically more embracing, and argues that the deliberative participation must be performed by institutionalized means. For this theory to be applied, the access to information must be broad, to provide means for the university community to monitor the Council's everyday. By conducting documentary research, was found that the Ufes University Council's website obeys poorly the provisions of Law 12.527/2011, commonly named "Access to Information Law", which confirms that the decision-making processes of the collegiate body remain immersed in a "secrecy culture". It was also noted that the Federal University of Santa Catarina's (UFSC) Councyl fully complies the mentioned law, and sets up as an example of better-practices, particularly related to the available information posted on its website, which provides the live streaming of their sessions. Through interviews taken with the employees directly bounded to the Ufes and UFSC's University Councils, a systematic comparative analysis has been conducted, which concluded that, even with the hegemony of the faculty at both institutions, the debate level in UFSC's collegiate is considered more democratical, while in UFES was pointed the predominance of teaching category in the discussions, and that, at UFSC, the university community is considered interested in the issues addressed by the collegiate, while in Ufes the answer is the complete opposite. From these analyzes, has been proposed an action platform to be implemented by the Ufes' administration, aimed at improve access to information through the website of the Superior Collegiate Bodies Administration Department, with an inclusion of live broadcast of the University Council's sessions and a participation tool for the university community, live also, during the discussion of some points of the Council's agenda. Based on the theoretical framework , on the conducted research and on the inferential analysis, it was concluded that the Ufes' University Council sessions opening to the public, contemplating the right to speak by the university community, has the potential to expand the democratic characteristic of it's decisions, and that this potential can be quantitatively measured, retrospectively from this study's application, by opinion polls

The lack of appropriate and convenient truck parking locations has been identified as a major safety, cost, and environmental issue in both the United States and the European Union. Without access to appropriate parking locations, drivers might be forced to either drive while tired, increasing the risk of accidents, or park illegally in unsafe locations, posing a potential safety hazard to themselves and other drivers. The parking shortage also impacts shipment costs and the environment, since drivers burn more fuel while looking for places to park or idling their engines to provide cab power when parked in inappropriate locations.This research brief summarizes findings from the associated project, the objective of which was to generate parking assist algorithms that can help truck drivers better plan their trips. By providing information about parking availability, the researchers hope to induce truck drivers to better distribute themselves among existing rest areas. This would decrease the peak demand in the most popular truck stops and attenuate the problems caused by the parking shortage.View the NCST Project Webpage

The paper analyses the institutional transformations that have taken place in the environmental management process in Brazil since the 90´s, emphasizing the enlargement of democratic spaces and popular participation, specially in the field of water management. The focus is on the water basin committees, an institutional engineering that has become one of the references of institutional innovation in the water management process in Brazil since 1997. The new watershed law presents a new framing of the issue of watershed protection, by recognizing the prime importance of a management system, by extending the protection instruments proposed and by opening the possibility of developing widespread agreement among stakeholders for the actions that are needed. The article presents an overview of the theoretical debate and the main outcomes of a survey with all members of the five subcommittees that compose the water basin. The research was developed in 2004 in the water basin of Alto Tietê that covers the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, and is based in the framework of social capital, as a tool to evaluate the institutional development of these democratic spaces. The analysis based on the conceptual framework allows to evaluate the level of associativism, trust, reciprocity and cooperation that enables the consolidation of an effective performance. Water basin committees are the appropriate arenas to develop a comparative study of institutional performance and its relations with cooperative practices linked to preservation and spatial and environmental management.

This study aimed to assess the motion and its deformation index (DI) of red blood cells (RBCs) flowing through a microchannel with a microstenosis using an image analysis-based method. For this purpose, a microchannel having a smooth contraction was used and the images were captured by a standard high-speed microscopy system. An automatic image-processing and analysing method was developed in a MATLAB environment to not only track the motion of RBCs but also measure the DI along the microchannel. The keyhole model, tested in this study, proved to be a promising technique to automatically track individual RBCs in microchannels. ; This study was financially supported by the Science and Technology Foundation (FCT), COMPETE, QREN and the European Union (FEDER) [grant numbers PTDC/SAU-BEB/ 105650/2008, PTDC/SAU-ENB/116929/2010, EXPL/EMS-SIS/ 2215/2013] ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The present study aims to assess the motion of red blood cells (RBCs) under both shear and extensional flow using an image based technique. For this purpose, a microchannel having a smooth contraction was used and the images were captured by a standard high-speed microscopy system. An image processing and analyzing method has been developed in the MATLAB environment, to track the RBCs motion. The keyhole model, tested in this study, proved to be a promising technique to track individual RBCs in microchannels. ; The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by 2007 Global COE Program "Global Nano-Biomedical Engineering Education and Research Network", Japan and grant-in-Aid for Science and Technology PTDC/SAU-BEB/108728/2008, PTDC/SAU-BEB/105650/2008, PTDC/EME-MFE/099109/2008 and PTDC/SAU-ENB/116929/2010 from FCT (Science and Technology Foundation), COMPETE, QREN and European Union (FEDER). ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

International audience ; Alors que les bassins versants périurbains offrent d'importants services hydrologiques aux villes qu'ils desservent, leur fonctionnement est modifié par l'urbanisation. Le processus d'urbanisation s'accompagne du renforcement des compétitions sur l'eau, liées à la disponibilité en eau ou à l'évolution de sa qualité. Dans les villes du sud, ces tensions sont accentuées par l'expulsion vers la périphérie des populations économiquement, politiquement et sociologiquement marginalisées. C'est notamment le cas de la région métropolitaine de São Paulo qui connaît depuis plusieurs années des tensions d'approvisionnement en eau du fait de l'importance de la demande d'une population de 18 millions d'habitants, et de la dégradation de la qualité faute d'assainissement adéquat. La mise en place à partir de 1995 d'une politique de gestion multi-usage et participative par bassins versants, a permis de mieux articuler gestion du sol et gestion de l'eau et de faciliter la participation de la société civile. Mais, la mise en oeuvre de cette approche se heurte à plusieurs contraintes: les communautés locales sont mal représentées dans les instances de discussion; les municipalités ont du mal à contrecarrer les stratégies individuelles et électorales de court terme alors qu'elle manquent de ressources humaines et financières. Pourtant la mobilisation des communautés pour résoudre localement certains problèmes d'assainissement, d'organisation du logement ou d'accès au foncier montre qu'il serait possible de mieux mobiliser les réseaux locaux pour développer une véritable stratégie de gestion intégrée des bassins versants, en articulant la gestion à niveau local et stratégie régionale de gestion de l'eau et du sol. (Résumé d'auteur);

International audience ; Alors que les bassins versants périurbains offrent d'importants services hydrologiques aux villes qu'ils desservent, leur fonctionnement est modifié par l'urbanisation. Le processus d'urbanisation s'accompagne du renforcement des compétitions sur l'eau, liées à la disponibilité en eau ou à l'évolution de sa qualité. Dans les villes du sud, ces tensions sont accentuées par l'expulsion vers la périphérie des populations économiquement, politiquement et sociologiquement marginalisées. C'est notamment le cas de la région métropolitaine de São Paulo qui connaît depuis plusieurs années des tensions d'approvisionnement en eau du fait de l'importance de la demande d'une population de 18 millions d'habitants, et de la dégradation de la qualité faute d'assainissement adéquat. La mise en place à partir de 1995 d'une politique de gestion multi-usage et participative par bassins versants, a permis de mieux articuler gestion du sol et gestion de l'eau et de faciliter la participation de la société civile. Mais, la mise en oeuvre de cette approche se heurte à plusieurs contraintes: les communautés locales sont mal représentées dans les instances de discussion; les municipalités ont du mal à contrecarrer les stratégies individuelles et électorales de court terme alors qu'elle manquent de ressources humaines et financières. Pourtant la mobilisation des communautés pour résoudre localement certains problèmes d'assainissement, d'organisation du logement ou d'accès au foncier montre qu'il serait possible de mieux mobiliser les réseaux locaux pour développer une véritable stratégie de gestion intégrée des bassins versants, en articulant la gestion à niveau local et stratégie régionale de gestion de l'eau et du sol. (Résumé d'auteur);

Este texto aborda o tema dos direitos humanos, na perspectiva da busca por sua fundamentação. Ainda que se sustente que o foco primordial afeto ao tema seja a busca por sua efetivação, sendo, portanto, uma questão primordialmente política, o artigo defende a tese de que, tão importante quanto a concretização dos direitos humanos, é a identificação dos seus fundamentos, aqui chamados de condição de possibilidade para a existência de direitos humanos fundamentais. Sem isso, eles poderão, com o passar do tempo, perder sua vitalidade, abrindo espaço para serem encarados como normas ordinárias, sujeitas às vontades políticas contingentes da sociedade. O artigo se insere na linha crítico-metodológica, enfeixando levemente a teoria argumentativa. A vertente associada ao texto é a jurídico-dogmática, acentuando aspectos conceituais, ideológicos e doutrinários de determinado campo sob investigação. Por fim, dentro da tipologia de investigação das ciências sociais aplicadas ao Direito, sobressai no texto o tipo de pesquisa jurídico-compreensiva, um alargamento do clássico tipo jurídico-descritivo.