Suchergebnisse

European authorities have defined a detailed and comprehensive legal regime on public service obligations to be imposed on railways undertakings /Regulation 1370/2007). The general regime on services of general economic interest facilitates the interpretation of the Regulation. Spanish legislation, both the transitory regime in LOTT and LES and the definitive regimen in the Railway Industry Act, need to be amended to be fully compliant with the European regime. Furthermore, liberalization on July 31, 2012 requires a further review of the national policy on railway transport. Uncertainty is increased as the European Commission has presented a proposal to amend Regulation 1370/2007 in the framework of the Fourth Railway package. ; Las autoridades europeas han definido un detallado y sistemático régimen en materia de obligaciones de servicio público impuestas a las empresas ferroviarias (Reglamento 1370/2007). El régimen general en materia de servicios de interés económico general facilita la interpretación del Reglamento. La normativa española en la materia, tanto la transitoria de la LOTT y la LES como la contenida en la Ley del Sector Ferroviario, han de ser revisadas para dar pleno cumplimiento a lo dispuesto en la normativa comunitaria. Más allá, la liberalización del sector en julio de 2013 exige definir la política en materia de servicio público ferroviario. La incertidumbre se incrementa dado que la Comisión ha presentado sus propuestas de revisión del Reglamento 1370/2007 en el marco del denominado Cuarto paquete Ferroviario.European authorities have defined a detailed and comprehensive legal regime on public service obligations to be imposed on railways undertakings /Regulation 1370/2007). The general regime on services of general economic interest facilitates the interpretation of the Regulation. Spanish legislation, both the transitory regime in LOTT and LES and the definitive regimen in the Railway Industry Act, need to be amended to be fully compliant with the European regime. Furthermore, liberalization on July 31, 2012 requires a further review of the national policy on railway transport. Uncertainty is increased as the European Commission has presented a proposal to amend Regulation 1370/2007 in the framework of the Fourth Railway package.

1. Digitalizing infrastructure: active management for smarter networks / Juan Montero and Matthias Finger -- 2. Digitalization technologies: the evolution of smart networks / Günter Knieps -- 3. Digitalizing telecommunications: innovation, complexity and diversity in the internet ecosystem / Volker Stocker and Günter Knieps -- 4. Digitalization in road projects: toward a more integrated mobility supply / Carlos Oliveira Cruz and Joaquim Miranda Sarmento -- 5. Digitalizing maritime transport: digital innovation as a catalyzer of sustainable transformation / Anastasia Tsvetkova, Magnus Gustafsson and Kim Wikström -- 6. Digitalizing railways: the platform dilemma / Juan Montero -- 7. Digitalizing aviation infrastructure: the role of technology in overcoming fragmentation / Iván László Arnold and Lorenzo Casullo -- 8. Digitalization in the postal and delivery sector: between electronic substitution of letter mail and thriving e-commerce / Christian Jaag -- 9. Digitalization of the electricity infrastructure: a key enabler for the decarbonization and decentralization of the power sector / Nicolò Rossetto and Valerie Reif -- 10. Digitalization in the drinking water sector: towards smart water supply management / Brenda Espinosa Apráez -- 11. Digitalization, efficiency and convergence / Matthias Finger and Juan Montero.

"Cutting through the confusion around the nature and implications of digitalization, this book explores the rise of the new digital networks, how they affect traditional infrastructures, and how they will eventually need to be regulated. The authors examine how digitalization affects infrastructures in telecommunications, transport, and energy, and how digital platforms establish themselves as a new network on top of and in addition to traditional ones. Complex concepts are introduced through short and colorful stories about the founders of the most popular platforms (Google, Facebook, Skype, Uber, etc.) and how they grew to positions of power, drawing parallels with century-old traditional network industries' monopoly power (AT&T, General Electric, etc.). The authors argue that these digital platforms strongly interfere with traditional infrastructures that are heavily regulated and provide essential services for society - meaning that digital platforms should be considered as a new and much more powerful type of infrastructure and will require regulation accordingly. A global audience of policy makers, public authorities, consultants, lawyers, students, and academics, as well as anyone with an interest in these digital platforms, will find this book enlightening and essential reading."