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Abstract  Conventional technology transfer is based on the assumption that autonomous individuals independently make behavioral decisions. In contrast, Actor‐Network Theory (ANT) suggests that people and technologies are interconnected in ways that reinforce and reproduce some types of knowledge and consequent behavioral practices, but not others. Research on pest management in Mali shows the extent to which farm‐level decisions are shaped off‐farm through contracts that communicate commercial and regulatory decision‐making information. Findings from the analysis of Ukrainian farmer pest management decision‐making demonstrate the exercise of power of commercial interests. In light of these findings, evidence from Farmer Field School experiences in Indonesia is reinterpreted. This paper concludes that knowledge networks are not monolithic and, furthermore, there is competition between network segments to define appropriate knowledge and practice. It also recommends that agricultural scientists pay more attention to the negotiations framing legitimate knowledge about the networks in which their producer clienteles are embedded.

The SANREM CRSP-West Africa focused on issues of economic and political empowerment. The presentation characterizes the natural resource management problem and describes the context of rural civil society: a bifurcated society with little enfranchisement of rural populations. SANREM West Africa intervened in this context and focused on building social infrastructure in the context of NRM conflicts by transforming local social capital. An example of this is the NRMAC of Madiama. The presentation closes with a set of Lessons Learned from the experience: participation; multiple paths to empowerment; training of development agents; power issues; and public/private synergy. ; ME (Management Entity)

This presentation talks about a sustainable way to transform the African land tenure system through the development of rural civil society by building local networks and social infrastructure (yielding social capital) at the local level. It begins by characterizing two interdependent problems: land tenure (current land use structure and legal frameworks); and local decision-making, which are issues of economic and political empowerment. Then, it describes the context of civil society: a bifurcated society with little enfranchisement of rural populations. SANREM West Africa intervened in this context and focused on building social infrastructure in the context of NRM conflicts by transforming local social capital, shown in an example of the NRMAC of Madiama. The presentation closes with a set of Lessons Learned from our experience: participation; multiple paths to empowerment; training of development agents; power issues; and public/private synergy. ; ME (Management Entity)

This presentation discusses the role of Civil Society Organizations in developing secure and enduring natural resource tenure.

Metadata only record ; In this round table, we describe the process, successes and failures associated with developing a new platform (community-based natural resource management committee) for an ethnically diverse population (involving CSO, NGO, and government stakeholders) in the context of West African decentralization and supportive of local NRM decision making and practice consistent with environmental and socio-cultural conditions. The objective of the effort was focused on raising awareness of NRM issues and building leadership capacity to increase the horizontal linkages between stakeholders in the belief that such a common action platform can increase the flow of information and open debate leading to more carefully considered management decisions and, as a consequence, increase trust between communities. We demonstrate that building associational life is not only a matter of gathering people together -- men and women, regardless of ethnic or socio-professional status -- but also requires the development of individual capacities (training in functional literacy, association management, financial management, NRM texts, laws and codes, improved NRM practices, management and reconciliation of the conflicts, etc.) in order for them to assume active roles in the development of their community and to support the development of extracommunal relations and, in particular, the role played by training in conflict management, given its importance for the development of self-confidence and building of credibility for the committee in the development and the safeguarding of the community's natural resources. ; ME (Management Entity)

Metadata only record ; In chapter 7, Moore et al. describe the development of the commune-level NRMAC providing the social infrastructure that is both adapted to the exigencies of recent governmental decentralization and compatible with customary governance structures at the village level. They argue that it is not sufficient to simply assemble a group of men and women representing various ethnic groups and occupational categories, but it is also necessary to develop each member's individual capacities (functional literacy, leadership skills, association management, knowledge of codes and laws, etc.) in order to stimulate mutual trust and network building (social capital formation) between villages and clans and to help them to define their mission. Of particular importance is training in conflict management to build individual self-confidence and to provide a credible and valued service in the eyes of villagers. ; ME (Management Entity)

Metadata only record ; This article examines the current situation with forest governance in Liberia. From 1990-2003, Liberia suffered a painful civil war funded, to a large extent by revenues from illegally harvested timber in an extreme example of a natural resource curse. Drawing upon the resource curse literature, the paper offers a case study of forest policy reform in Liberia, focusing on the historic development of tensions over land tenure, three C's policy of commercial, conservation, and community forestry, and examines current conditions of community engagement.

Metadata only record ; In chapter 2, Ciss et al. introduce the social and historical context shaping the lifescape of the Inland Delta of the Niger, the core of Mali's 5th Region. Various ethnic groups have coexisted in this area for centuries, generating livelihoods with complementary systems of production. The chapter discusses how recent changes in agricultural and pastoral production systems have unbalanced this symbiosis and increased competition for scarce resources, thereby leading to land tenure confrontations that are not as easily resolved as they were in the past. In addition, decentralization and democratization have complicated the situation in which the modern state and civil society have been superimposed on the modified, but not displaced, customary governance systems. The discussion concludes, with some qualifications, that NGO-driven opportunities for local dialogue and problem solving hold considerable promise for rural Mali.

Metadata only record ; In chapter 17, Moore et al. review how the four pillars of SANREM (participation, landscape scale, multiple stakeholders, and interdisciplinarity) were applied in the Commune of Madiama. In the list of lessons learned, they highlight the difficulties involved in establishing and maintaining full participation of and communication between all stakeholders in the context of power relations and traditionally excluded groups. Building social capital and co-management agreements is a long term and iterative process requiring that project and government development agents be well-trained and integrated within the community in order to empower the population to act on its own behalf. ; ME (Management Entity)

Metadata only record ; This program, funded by USAID and managed by Virginia Tech in the Office of International Research, Education and Development, applies research and development of sustainable agriculture and natural resource management. The SANREM CRSP sponsors long-term research in five areas in over ten countries in Latin America, Asia and Africa. Partners range from universities, governmental organizations, corporate partners and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). In addition, this project has been supported by the Soil and Water Conservation Society (SWCS). This resource links the work of the SANREM CRSP and SWCS projects, to allow for opportunities for future collaboration. ; ME (Management Entity)

This paper analyzes the role of institutional factors in the adoption and implementation of land management technologies with carbon sequestration potential among rural communities of the Sudan-Sahel region. ; Available in SANREM office, FS