Grand strategy: The pursuit of power and the pursuit of plenty
In: International organization, Band 50, Heft 1, S. 175-206
ISSN: 0020-8183
16 Ergebnisse
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In: International organization, Band 50, Heft 1, S. 175-206
ISSN: 0020-8183
In: Evaluation review: a journal of applied social research, Band 11, Heft 5, S. 612-630
ISSN: 1552-3926
This article discusses the strategies employed in integrating evaluation research into the management of an organization. The project employs a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods to develop information on the processes, procedures, and behavior of the agency. The project is guided by the belief that if evaluation research is to become an integral part of management, the methods and results must be easily understood by the managers. This article also discusses the methodological and managerial problems encountered in integrating evaluation research into the policymaking of new public agencies.
In: Evaluation review: a journal of applied social research, Band 11, S. 612-630
ISSN: 0193-841X, 0164-0259
In: Evaluation review: a journal of applied social research, Band 11, Heft 5, S. 612-630
ISSN: 0193-841X, 0164-0259
In: International organization, Band 41, Heft Autumn 87
ISSN: 0020-8183
The key to the success of the oil oligopoly has been the ability of its members to make commitments to each other credible despite great divisiveness and enormous uncertainties. To accomplish this, the oil companies constructed a regime of suprasovereign constraints to control the pursuit of individual selfinterest. OPEC has relinquished access to the most important mechanisms of restraint that companies managed to impose on themselves. Traces dynamics for OPEC, oil companies and oil exploiting states. (Abstract amended)
In: Politics and the life sciences: PLS ; a journal of political behavior, ethics, and policy, Band 3, Heft 2, S. 199-200
ISSN: 1471-5457
In: American political science review, Band 7, Heft 3, S. 504-505
ISSN: 1537-5943
In: American political science review, Band 4, Heft 4, S. 620-622
ISSN: 1537-5943
In: American political science review, Band 4, Heft 4, S. 623-624
ISSN: 1537-5943
In: American political science review, Band 4, Heft 4, S. 624-625
ISSN: 1537-5943
In: Proceedings of the American Political Science Association at its ... annual meeting, Band 7, S. 41
In: American political science review, Band 1, Heft 2, S. 285-288
ISSN: 1537-5943
In: Public Productivity Review, Band 4, Heft 4, S. 371
In: International affairs, Band 19, Heft 9, S. 523
ISSN: 1468-2346
Background Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11 827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long-term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services. Funding National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.
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