The limits of science and the scientific method
In: Research Policy, Band 17, Heft 5, S. 293-299
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In: Research Policy, Band 17, Heft 5, S. 293-299
In: Social studies of science: an international review of research in the social dimensions of science and technology, Band 18, Heft 3, S. 515-521
ISSN: 1460-3659
The citations to a citation classic dealing with the classification of citations according to their contexts were analyzed using the method of that citation classic. It was found that (a) the ratio of conceptual to operational citations is very much larger than in the cases studied before in the natural sciences; (b) the ratio of evolutionary to juxtapositional citations is much smaller than in the cases studied before in the natural sciences. The results are interpreted in terms of the following conclusions: (1) the technique of the original paper has been little used directly; (2) the specific results of the original applications of the original paper have been used to some extent as evidence; and (3) the conceptual idea of the original paper has been used in general to stimulate further, refined, and alternate investigations in scientometrics.
In: Bulletin of science, technology & society, Band 7, Heft 5-6, S. 697-699
ISSN: 1552-4183
In: Bulletin of science, technology & society, Band 7, Heft 5-6, S. 598-604
ISSN: 1552-4183
In: Bulletin of science, technology & society, Band 7, Heft 3-4, S. 697-699
ISSN: 1552-4183
In: Bulletin of science, technology & society, Band 7, Heft 3-4, S. 598-604
ISSN: 1552-4183
In: Social studies of science: an international review of research in the social dimensions of science and technology, Band 16, Heft 3, S. 534-539
ISSN: 1460-3659
In: Research Policy, Band 15, Heft 1, S. 1-11
In: Research policy: policy, management and economic studies of science, technology and innovation, Band 15, Heft 1, S. 1-11
ISSN: 0048-7333
World Affairs Online
In: Bulletin of science, technology & society, Band 4, Heft 4, S. 361-378
ISSN: 1552-4183
After clarifying the concepts of "science" and of "planning" six aspects of planning are discussed, dealing with the time scale, with the interdependence of various systems, with the probability Interpretation of plans, with the dichotomy of quantity and quality, with who should plan, and with the balance between planning, decision making, and implementation. This is followed by an overview of input planning for manpower, finances, buildings and equipment, organizations, research, assessment and evaluation, and the linking of science with its environment. Then output planning is discussed and some of the main difficulties in it are listed. The discussion ends with a "checklist" of 16 features of planning that often go wrong in practice and which therefore should be paid attention to in order to make planning a creative component in the development of science, especially in the Third World.
In: Research Policy, Band 12, Heft 5, S. 287-296
In: Research policy: policy, management and economic studies of science, technology and innovation, Band 12, Heft 5, S. 287-296
ISSN: 0048-7333
World Affairs Online
In: Social studies of science: an international review of research in the social dimensions of science and technology, Band 12, Heft 1, S. 144-147
ISSN: 1460-3659
In: Bulletin of science, technology & society, Band 1, Heft 4, S. 355-377
ISSN: 1552-4183
In: Research Policy, Band 6, Heft 1, S. 78-107