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A political party is defined in terms of coalition building: collective effort directed toward capturing public office and governing once that office is attained. Party organization thus defined includes factional organization as well as the administrative apparatus. This definition assumes a linkage between the electoral party and the party inside the government.

▪ Abstract  As laboratories, states are faced with a new agenda of social experimentation. This article first considers state elections and parties, including state realignment, party endorsements and primary elections, uncontested seats, and campaign finance. A second topic is the governorship, including governors' careers, changes in power, party leadership, and legislative programs and tactics used in negotiating with legislators. A third section considers the state legislatures, including term limits, professionalism, leadership, committees, roll-call voting, and representation. Another subject closely related to all aspects is the variety and organization of interest groups, their power, and whom they represent. The conclusion is that the states as laboratories are now equipped to handle the social experimentation that devolution has handed down to them.

The 2002 House race in the newly created Fifth District of CT was unique in that the two moderate incumbents -- from the former Fifth District, Democrat James Maloney, & the now defunct Sixth District, Nancy Johnson -- challenged each other. The incumbent vs. incumbent race forced interest groups to choose sides, more often with Johnson than Maloney. Despite CT laws against the use of soft money, including national party money, the race witnessed the most money spent in CT history. Similar to other state races, the campaign tone was negative, there was national party soft money spent on issue advertising, & interest groups were involved in issue advocacy. Republicans devoted more money & effort to the ground war than previously. Johnson won the race with a good margin, & outspent Maloney with her large war chest & Maloney's inability to supplement his campaign with national party money. Tables. M. Pflum

As laboratories, states are faced with a new agenda of social experimentation. This article first considers state elections & parties, including state realignment, party endorsements & primary elections, uncontested seats, & campaign finance. A second topic is the governorship, including governors' careers, changes in power, party leadership, & legislative programs & tactics used in negotiating with legislators. A third section considers the state legislatures, including term limits, professionalism, leadership, committees, roll-call voting, & representation. Another subject closely related to all aspects is the variety & organization of interest groups, their power, & whom they represent. The conclusion is that the states as laboratories are now equipped to handle the social experimentation that devolution has handed down to them. 84 References. Adapted from the source document.