Integrated evaluation of wine lees valorization to produce value-added products
In: Waste management: international journal of integrated waste management, science and technology, Band 95, S. 70-77
ISSN: 1879-2456
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In: Waste management: international journal of integrated waste management, science and technology, Band 95, S. 70-77
ISSN: 1879-2456
In: Marine policy, Band 36, Heft 1
ISSN: 0308-597X
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 28, Heft 21, S. 27345-27361
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 28, Heft 23, S. 29781-29794
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Waste management: international journal of integrated waste management, science and technology, Band 172, S. 226-234
ISSN: 1879-2456
In: Environmental science & policy, Band 51, S. 215-227
ISSN: 1462-9011
In: Journal of Industrial Ecology, Band 18, Heft 4, S. 545-557
SSRN
Sustainable manufacturing has increasingly included design for environment methodologies with the objective of improving the environmental performance of products over their entire life cycles. Current European Union (EU) directives on eco-design focus on the use phase of energy-related products (ErPs). However, the maintenance of various household non-ErPs is performed with ErPs; therefore, the environmental impacts of product maintenance have an important role in the life cycle of non-ErPs. This article presents two eco-design studies where the implementation of improvement strategies of the use and maintenance phase of products had relevant results. Furthermore, environmental communication-to-user strategies were important to ensure the commitment of users toward eco-efficient behaviors. First, a knife was eco-designed according to strategies which focused on materials, processing, maintenance, and communication to user. By applying eco-design in a cradle-to-consumer scope, improvements decreased the environmental impact of the eco-designed product by 30%. However, when considering the entire life cycle of the eco-designed product, environmental impacts could be reduced by up to 40% and even up to ≈93% (depending on the cleaning procedure) as a result of large improvements in the maintenance stage. Second, a woman's jacket was eco-designed following multifunctionality, recycled materials, and efficient maintenance strategies. The new Livingstone jacket reached environmental improvements between 32% and 52% in the indicators analyzed. In this case, maintenance contributed between 40% and 87% of the reduction. As shown in this study, maintenance behavior and communication-to-user strategies are crucial to the eco-design of different household products (traditional vs. flexible design) and their consideration in the design process can reduce their environmental impact by between 40% and 80%.
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