The association between nutritional status and gait speed remains unclear. This study described gait speed in older adults and quantified the association between overweight, obesity, undernutrition risk and gait speed. Gait speed as potential indicator of nutritional outcomes was also explored. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in a population-based sample of 1,500 older adults ≥65 years old. Compared to "normal body mass index" women, odds ratio for a slow gait speed was approximately 2-fold higher in"overweight", 4-fold higher in "obese" and 6-fold higher in women at "undernutrition risk". "Undernutrition risk" category resulted from joining "undernutrition risk/undernutrition". For men, these associations were in the same direction, but the odds ratio estimates halved. In women, identified gait speed cut-offs were 0.87 m/s for "obesity" and 0.79 m/s for "undernutrition risk". In men, 0.94 m/s is the cut-off in which most older adults were correctly classified relative to "undernutrition risk". About half of Portuguese older adults presented a gait speed ≤0.8 m/s. Overweight, obesity and undernutrition risk were directly and increasingly associated with slow gait speed, but approximately twice as high in women compared to men. Gait speed revealed potential utility in marking nutritional problems, but further investigation is recommended. ; The present project was 85% funded by the Public Health Initiatives Programme (PT06), financed by European Economic Area (EEA) Grants Financial Mechanism 2009 2014. The EEA Grants are managed by "Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde" through the "Programa Iniciativas em Saúde Pública". Mendes J is receiving a scholarship from the "Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia", Portuguese Government Organization (Project SFRH/BD/115665/2016).
A study has been carried out of the fisheries of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus) of the Iberian South Atlantic region, specifically the Gulf of Cádiz and the Algarve. The perspectives of the study are both biological and socioeconomic, with the starting point being actual catches landed at the various ports of these regions. The characteristics of both the Spanish and Portuguese purse seine net fishing fleets have been studied, analysing the operations, activities and costings of the boats,owners and crews, considering also the cofradías (fishermens' associations), the owners'associations producers' organisations or cooperatives. Two basic types of fleet have been differentiated in the Spanish zone : that of Cádiz (36 boats) and Huelva (31 boats), on the basis of the characteristics of the boats (gross tonnage, engine HP, crew numbers, etc.); the more important of the markets served by these are Cádiz, El Puerto, Punta Umbría and Huelva. In the case of Portugal, the total fleet studied comprises the 67 vessels, only 30, associated in one or other of the Producers' Organisations (OPs): Barlapesca and Coopalgarvia; the two most relevant landing ports for these boats are Olhao and Portimao. From the results of our study and the conclusions drawn from the study of catches landed during the period 1985-1998, the ports of Cádiz, Olhao and Portimao were selected to conduct the biological study of the two species, on the basis of specimens caught by the same fleet. A total of 3,533 specimens of sardine (2000, 731 and 822, respectively, from Cádiz, Olhao and Portimao) and 4,187 of anchovy (3.976 from Cádiz and 211 from Olhao)have been analysed. In each species, our study has included the monthly variation in total length (TL), weight (W), age (by the otolith method), sex ratios, fatness condition (K), the gonadosomatic index (GSI), vicerosomatic index (VSI), repletion index (RI), L¥, k, w, and j´. The results obtained have been compared with those reported in previous studies of these same species. The most appropriate models of production (by Schaeffer and Fox) have been applied to the data collected on the two species, particularly the catch and fishing effort required to achieve this, in order to determine Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) and the Total Admissible Catch for each. The economic parameters estimated include: total cost per unit of effort ( the variable cost or c), total fixed cost (FC), total cost (% v), VAT (u %)and the demand function, for both the Gulf of Cádiz and the Algarve for the purpose of developing the theoretical model, which we have then applied to determine the optimum state of exploitation of the two fisheries (Objectives I and II as proposed by Clark),studying the growth, fishing effort and the markets to produce a simulation of the profit and loss accounts for the two Spanish fleets. Lastly, a series of possible improvements for the regulation of fishing activity have been proposed, taking into account the number of days per year, the average profit for the boat owners and the average remuneration for the boat crew members. A suggested figure of 210 days/year per boat was taken as the basis for our "optimum state" calculations. In the case of the Cádiz fleet, the simulated results could be described as good, although the fact cannot be avoided that the economic future of this particular purse seine fleet is increasingly uncertain as it depends crucially on the outcome of the negotiations between the European Union and Morocco. In respect of the Huelva fleet, in relative terms, the results of the optimum state simulation would represent an increase of over 170% in the average annual profit of the owners and an increase of nearly 30% in the average remuneration of the crew members ; however, these % increases are from extremely low bases, in absolute terms. For example, comparison of the simulations for actual (non optimum) conditions for 1998 indicate an average crew remuneration in Huelva that is barely half of that in Cadiz, for considerably more days fishing. In reality, our proposals should only be seen as a worthwhile first step towards adequate returns on capital and labour for the Huelva fleet.
BMWFW (Austria) ; FWF (Austria) ; FNRS (Belgium) ; FWO (Belgium) ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) ; FAPERGS (Brazil) ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; MES (Bulgaria) ; MoST (China) ; NSFC (China) ; COLCIENCIAS (Colombia) ; CSF (Croatia) ; SENESCYT (Ecuador) ; MoER (Estonia) ; ERDF (Estonia) ; Academy of Finland (Finland) ; MEC (Finland) ; CEA (France) ; CNRS/IN2P3 (France) ; BMBF (Germany) ; DFG (Germany) ; HGF (Germany) ; GSRT (Greece) ; NKFIA (Hungary) ; DAE (India) ; DST (India) ; IPM (Iran) ; SFI (Ireland) ; INFN (Italy) ; NRF (Republic of Korea) ; MOE (Malaysia) ; UM (Malaysia) ; BUAP (Mexico) ; CONACYT (Mexico) ; UASLP-FAI (Mexico) ; FCT (Portugal) ; JINR (Dubna) ; RosAtom (Russia) ; RFBR (Russia) ; MESTD (Serbia) ; SEIDI (Spain) ; FEDER (Spain) ; MOSTR (Sri Lanka) ; Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland) ; NSTDA (Thailand) ; TUBITAK (Turkey) ; TAEK (Turkey) ; NASU (Ukraine) ; DOE (U.S.A.) ; NSF (U.S.A.) ; Marie-Curie program (European Union) ; European Research Council (European Union) ; Horizon 2020 Grant (European Union) ; Leventis Foundation ; A. P. Sloan Foundation ; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office ; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium) ; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium) ; FWO (Belgium) under the Excellence of Science - EOS ; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic ; Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary) ; Council of Science and Industrial Research, India ; HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science ; European Union, Regional Development Fund ; Sonata-bis ; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund ; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias ; Aristeia program - EU-ESF ; Greek NSRF ; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University (Thailand) ; Welch Foundation ; Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.) ; Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation, HFRI ; Fondazione Ing. Aldo Gini ; CERN ; CAS (China) ; MSES (Croatia) ; RPF (Cyprus) ; ERC IUT (Estonia) ; HIP (Finland) ; MSIP (Republic of Korea) ; LAS (Lithuania) ; CINVESTAV (Mexico) ; LNS (Mexico) ; SEP (Mexico) ; MOS (Montenegro) ; MBIE (New Zealand) ; PAEC (Pakistan) ; MSHE (Poland) ; NSC (Poland) ; MON (Russia) ; RAS (Russia) ; NRC KI (Russia) ; CPAN (Spain) ; PCTI (Spain) ; MST (Taipei) ; ThEPCenter (Thailand) ; IPST (Thailand) ; STAR (Thailand) ; STFC (United Kingdom) ; SFFR (Ukraine) ; F.R.S.-FNRS (Belgium) ; Lendulet (Momentum) Programme (Hungary) ; New National Excellence Program UNKP (Hungary) ; National Science Center (Poland) ; Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education ; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu ; Thalis program - EU-ESF ; Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand) ; NKFIA (Hungary): 123842 ; NKFIA (Hungary): 123959 ; NKFIA (Hungary): 124845 ; NKFIA (Hungary): 124850 ; NKFIA (Hungary): 125105 ; Horizon 2020 Grant (European Union): 675440 ; FWO (Belgium) under the Excellence of Science - EOS: 30820817 ; Sonata-bis: 2012/07/E/ST2/01406 ; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund: MDM-2015-0509 ; Welch Foundation: C-1845 ; National Science Center (Poland): Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428 ; National Science Center (Poland): Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543 ; National Science Center (Poland): 2014/15/B/ST2/03998 ; National Science Center (Poland): 2015/19/B/ST2/02861 ; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu: MDM-2015-0509 ; The structure of the CMS inner tracking system has been studied using nuclear interactions of hadrons striking its material. Data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded in 2015 at the LHC are used to reconstruct millions of secondary vertices from these nuclear interactions. Precise positions of the beam pipe and the inner tracking system elements, such as the pixel detector support tube, and barrel pixel detector inner shield and support rails, are determined using these vertices. These measurements are important for detector simulations, detector upgrades, and to identify any changes in the positions of inactive elements.