Suchergebnisse

El programa "Deporte Inclusivo en la Escuela" está formado por una serie de actividades y recursos didácticos dirigidos a los alumnos de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, a través de los cuales se persigue promover, mediante una metodología inclusiva, la práctica deportiva activa de personas con discapacidad en las clases de Educación Física. Sin embargo, dada la excesiva concreción de la actual legislación educativa (LOMCE, 2013) se ha visto en la necesidad de verse adecuado. Por ello, tras un análisis exhaustivo del marco legislativo actual se ha realizado una nueva propuesta original y propia de adecuación del programa DIE. La valoración de esta propuesta ha sido realizada por parte de los autores del programa DIE como de los profesores de Educación Física que lo han llevado a cabo (n=10), a través de un cuestionario destinado a conocer la valoración cuantitativa y cualitativa de los diferentes aspectos de la propuesta presentada. Tras el análisis de los resultados, se puede concluir que los autores y profesores expertos en el DIE perciben la propuesta como original, necesaria, apropiada y viable siendo valorada con un 7,8 sobre 10. --- ABSTRACT --- The programme "Inclusive Sport at School" (DIE in Spanish) consists of a series of activities and educational resources aimed at students from Secondary Education and Sixth Form. Its aim is to promote, via inclusive methodology, active participation by the handicapped in Physical Education classes. However, due to the excessive specificity of current educational legislation (LOMCE, 2013), this programme must be modified. Therefore, after an exhaustive analysis of the current legislative framework, it has been made a new proposal original and proper adaptation of the program DIE. Assessment of this proposal has been made by the authors of the program DIE and Physical Education teachers who have taken him out (n = 10), through a questionnaire designed to meet the quantitative and qualitative assessment of the various aspects of the proposal. After the ...

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo general promover acciones cooperativas que contribuyan a la valoración ambiental del entorno educativo en el Centro de Educación Inicial Bolivariano "Cinqueña III" del municipio Barinas estado Barinas. El modelo de la investigación fue cualitativo, el método es investigación acción. Los informantes claves son cinco (5) docentes, veintidós (22) padres y representantes; así como veintiséis (26) niños y niñas del mencionado centro educativo, los cuales fueron seleccionados porque pertenecen al mismo contexto de estudio. Las técnicas que se utilizarán para la recopilación de la información serán la observación directa y por ello se construirán una guía de observación dirigida a los padres y representantes, para los docentes se utilizará la entrevista, por tal razón se diseñará un guión de entrevista a ser aplicados a los mismos. Además, se tomará como validez y fiabilidad de los instrumentos el proceso de triangulación, el cual, implica que los datos se recojan desde variados puntos de vistas, que permitan comparaciones diversas a un mismo fenómeno, de un grupo en varios momentos; de esta manera aumenta el grado de validación de los resultados obtenidos, permitiendo llevar a la práctica los valores que amplían la conciencia ambiental en los infantes. Debido a esto se afirma que las acciones cooperativas es una estrategia de gran cuantía para fortalecer los valores ambientales.

Nuestra actual regulación legal sobre la exención en materia tributaria atraviesa por un vacío regulatorio en ciertasáreas. La autora, nos presenta un panorama claro de la situación actual de la normativa tributaria peruana respecto de figuras de exención, tales como la exoneración o beneficios tributarios. Del mismo modo, se dilucida la relacióncon artículos de la constitución pertinentes así como la actual aplicación de un artículo inconstitucional en nuestro ordenamiento como consecuencia de un no pronunciamiento de nuestro poder legislativo al respecto. No se pierda este interesante texto de derecho tributario que expone los márgenes y límites de la potestad del poder ejecutivo y la normativa tributaria.

La enseñanza de la Historia es una fuente de transmisión cultural. La Historia permite al alumnado descubrir su identidad y los cambios que ha tenido la sociedad a lo largo de los años, contribuyendo a la formación de ciudadanos críticos. Por ello, los docentes deben tener en cuenta qué estrategias metodológicas son las más idóneas para la inclusión de la Historia como contenido en Educación Infantil. A lo largo del artículo se verá una fundamentación teórica y legislativa para, después, señalar estrategias y propuestas innovadoras para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la Historia en Educación Infantil. ; The teaching of history is a source of cultural transmission. History allows students to discover their identity and the changes that has had the society over the years, contributing to the formation of critical citizens. Therefore, teachers must take into account what methodological strategies are the most suitable for the inclusion of history as content in early childhood education. Throughout the article, it is made a theoretical and legislative foundation, then point out strategies and innovative proposals for the teaching and learning of history in early childhood education.

In this paper, we provide a basic technique for Lattice Computing: an analogue of the Singular Value Decomposition for rectangular matrices over complete idempotent semifields (i-SVD). These algebras are already complete lattices and many of their instances—the complete schedule algebra or completed max-plus semifield, the tropical algebra, and the max-times algebra—are useful in a range of applications, e.g., morphological processing. We further the task of eliciting the relation between i-SVD and the extension of Formal Concept Analysis to complete idempotent semifields (K-FCA) started in a prior work. We find out that for a matrix with entries considered in a complete idempotent semifield, the Galois connection at the heart of K-FCA provides two basis of left- and right-singular vectors to choose from, for reconstructing the matrix. These are join-dense or meet-dense sets of object or attribute concepts of the concept lattice created by the connection, and they are almost surely not pairwise orthogonal. We conclude with an attempt analogue of the fundamental theorem of linear algebra that gathers all results and discuss it in the wider setting of matrix factorization. ; This research was funded by the Spanish Government-MinECo project TEC2017-84395-P and the Dept. of Research and Innovation of Madrid Regional Authority project EMPATIA-CM (Y2018/TCS-5046).

We introduce a variant of the Rényi entropy definition that aligns it with the well-known Hölder mean: in the new formulation, the r-th order Rényi Entropy is the logarithm of the inverse of the r-th order Hölder mean. This brings about new insights into the relationship of the Rényi entropy to quantities close to it, like the information potential and the partition function of statistical mechanics. We also provide expressions that allow us to calculate the Rényi entropies from the Shannon cross-entropy and the escort probabilities. Finally, we discuss why shifting the Rényi entropy is fruitful in some applications. ; This research was funded by the Spanish Government-MinECo projects TEC2014-53390-P and TEC2017-84395-P.

Data transformation, e.g., feature transformation and selection, is an integral part of any machine learning procedure. In this paper, we introduce an information-theoretic model and tools to assess the quality of data transformations in machine learning tasks. In an unsupervised fashion, we analyze the transformation of a discrete, multivariate source of information (X) over bar into a discrete, multivariate sink of information (Y) over bar related by a distribution P-(XY) over bar. The first contribution is a decomposition of the maximal potential entropy of ((X) over bar, (Y) over bar), which we call a balance equation, into its (a) non-transferable, (b) transferable, but not transferred, and (c) transferred parts. Such balance equations can be represented in (de Finetti) entropy diagrams, our second set of contributions. The most important of these, the aggregate channel multivariate entropy triangle, is a visual exploratory tool to assess the effectiveness of multivariate data transformations in transferring information from input to output variables. We also show how these decomposition and balance equations also apply to the entropies of (X) over bar and (Y) over bar, respectively, and generate entropy triangles for them. As an example, we present the application of these tools to the assessment of information transfer efficiency for Principal Component Analysis and Independent Component Analysis as unsupervised feature transformation and selection procedures in supervised classification tasks. ; This research was funded by he Spanish Government-MinECo projects TEC2014-53390-P and TEC2017-84395-P.

Previous work has shown a relation between L-valued extensions of Formal Concept Analysis and the spectra of some matrices related to L-valued contexts. To clarify this relation, we investigated elsewhere the nature of the spectra of irreducible matrices over idempotent semifields in the framework of dioids, naturally ordered semirings, that encompass several of those extensions. This initial work already showed many differences with respect to their counterparts over incomplete idempotent semifields, in what concerns the definition of the spectrum and the eigenvectors. Considering special sets of eigenvectors also brought out complete lattices in the picture and we argue that such structure may be more important than standard eigenspace structure for matrices over completed idempotent semifields. In this paper, we complete that investigation in the sense that we consider the spectra of reducible matrices over completed idempotent semifields and dioids, giving, as a result, a constructive solution to the all-eigenvectors problem in this setting. This solution shows that the relation of complete lattices to eigenspaces is even tighter than suspected. ; FJVA was partially supported by EU FP7 project LiMoSINe (contract 288024) for this research. CPM has been partially supported by the Spanish Government Comisi on Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnolog a project TEC2011-26807.

In this paper we try to extend the Galois connection construction of K-Formal Concept Analysis to handle semifields which are not idempotent. Important examples of such algebras are the extended non-negative reals and the extended non-negative rationals, but we provide a construction that suggests that such semifields are much more abundant than suspected. This would broaden enormously the scope and applications of K-Formal Concept Analysis. ; CPM & FVA have been partially supported by the Spanish Government-MinECo projects TEC2014-53390-P and TEC2014-61729-EXP

Motivated by some spectral results in the characterization of concept lattices we investigate the spectra of reducible matrices over complete idempotent semifields in the framework of naturally-ordered semirings, or dioids. We find non-none eigenvectors for every non-none element in the semifield and conclude that the notion of spectrum has to be refined to encompass that of the incomplete semifield case so as to include only those eigenvalues with eigenvectors that have finite coordinates. Considering special sets of eigenvectors brings out finite complete lattices in the picture and we contend that such structure may be more important than standard eigenspaces for matrices over completed idempotent semifields. ; FJVA was partially supported by EU FP7 project LiMoSINe (contract 288024) for this research. CPM was partially supported by the Spanish Government–Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología project 2011-26807/TEC.

Actas de: XVII Congreso Español sobre Tecnologías y Lógica Fuzzy (ESTYLF 2014). Zaragoza, 5-7 de febrero de 2014. ; Complete dioids are already complete residuated lattices. Formal contexts with entries in them generate Concept Lattices with the help of the polar maps. Previous work has already established the spectral nature of some formal concepts for contexts over certain kinds of dioids. This paper tries to raise the awareness that linear algebra over exotic semirings should be one place to look to understand the properties of FCA over L-lattices. ; FJVA was partially supported by EU FP7 project LiMoSINe (contract 288024) for this research. CPM was partially supported by the Spanish Government-Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología project 2011-268007/TEC. ; Publicado

The most widely spread measure of performance, accuracy, suffers from a paradox: predictive models with a given level of accuracy may have greater predictive power than models with higher accuracy. Despite optimizing classification error rate, high accuracy models may fail to capture crucial information transfer in the classification task. We present evidence of this behavior by means of a combinatorial analysis where every possible contingency matrix of 2, 3 and 4 classes classifiers are depicted on the entropy triangle, a more reliable information-theoretic tool for classification assessment. Motivated by this, we develop from first principles a measure of classification performance that takes into consideration the information learned by classifiers. We are then able to obtain the entropy-modulated accuracy (EMA), a pessimistic estimate of the expected accuracy with the influence of the input distribution factored out, and the normalized information transfer factor (NIT), a measure of how efficient is the transmission of information from the input to the output set of classes. The EMA is a more natural measure of classification performance than accuracy when the heuristic to maximize is the transfer of information through the classifier instead of classification error count. The NIT factor measures the effectiveness of the learning process in classifiers and also makes it harder for them to "cheat" using techniques like specialization, while also promoting the interpretability of results. Their use is demonstrated in a mind reading task competition that aims at decoding the identity of a video stimulus based on magnetoencephalography recordings. We show how the EMA and the NIT factor reject rankings based in accuracy, choosing more meaningful and interpretable classifiers. ; Francisco José Valverde-Albacete has been partially supported by EU FP7 project LiMoSINe (contract 288024): www.limosine-project.eu Carmen Peláez Moreno has been partially supported by the Spanish Government-Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología project TEC2011–26807.

Proceedings of: Workshop Formal Concept Analysis meets Information Retrieval (FCAIR 2013). Moscow, Russia, March 24, 2013. ; We review previous work using Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) to build Information Retrieval (IR) applications seeking a wider adoption of the FCA paradigm in IR. We conclude that although a number of systems have been built with such paradigm (FCA in IR), the most effective contribution would be to help establish IR on rmer grounds (FCA for IR). Since such an approach is only incipient, we contribute to the general discussion by discussing a ordances and challenges of FCA for IR. ; FJVA has been partially supported by EU FP7 project LiMoSINe (contract 288024). CPM has been partially supported by the Spanish Government-Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología project TEC2011-26807 for this paper. ; Publicado