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El estudio de los diversos sujetos históricos que participaron en la economía, sociedad y cultura de las diferentes regiones donde se asentaron o radicaron, continúa siendo un tema de interés para investigadores de la historia y del patrimonio cultural. El trabajo refiere un análisis de Justo German Cantero y Anderson, quien desde su ascenso a la vida económica, social, política y cultural formó parte de la élite de poder trinitaria, que le permitió invertir en obras sociales y culturales. Para realización del mismo se empleó el análisis de documentos. Los resultados alcanzados permiten corroborar que esta personalidad, no solo participó en los procesos, sino que contribuyó desde su posición de clases al desarrollo de la vida social y cultural de Trinidad en el siglo XIX, donde algunos de sus exponentes por su estado de conservación forman parte del patrimonio cultural. ; The study of the various historical subjects who participated in the economy, society and culture of the different regions where they settled or settled, continues to be a topic of interest for researchers in history and cultural heritage. The work refers to an analysis by Justo German Cantero and Anderson, who from his ascent to economic, social, political and cultural life was part of the trinitarian power elite, who would invest him in social and cultural works. Document analysis was used to carry it out. The results achieved allow corroborating that this personality not only participated in the processes, but also contributed from his class position to the development of the social and cultural life of Trinidad in the 19th century, where some of its exponents, due to their state of conservation, form part of the cultural heritage. ; Área de Historia del Arte

Las políticas regionales de Investigación, Desarrollo e innovación (I+D+i) se refieren a iniciativas públicas que abarcan a todo un territorio con una coherencia política, económica y jurídica. Estas iniciativas deben estar enmarcadas en los Programas de Gobierno, contar con liderazgo, las partidas económicas necesarias y los medios técnicos y humanos adecuados. El artículo aborda el marco conceptual y evolutivo de las políticas de I+D+i, con énfasis en las regionales. Se presenta la experiencia de las Políticas de I+D+i en Andalucía, lo que constituye una referencia para otras comunidades autónomas de España u otras regiones del mundo. ; The regional policies of Research, Development and Innovation (R&D&i) refer to public initiatives that cover an entire territory with political, economic and legal coherence. These initiatives must be framed within the Government Programs, have leadership, the necessary economic items and the adequate technical and human resources. The article addresses the conceptual and evolutionary framework of R & D & I policies, with an emphasis on regional policies. The experience of the R&D&i Policies in Andalusia is presented, which constitutes a reference for other autonomous communities of Spain or other regions of the world.

Innovación. A raíz de la aprobación de la primera Ley de la Ciencia en 1986 y que supuso la puesta en marcha del Plan Nacional de I+D, se inicia un proceso de aprobación de planes regionales, en un principio como complemento al Plan Nacional y que atendieran las prioridades mas cercanas y no cubiertas por aquel, pero que han tenido sus luces y sus sombras. En la situación actual de crisis mundial en la que estamos inmersos, es momento de evaluar y reflexionar sobre la evolución de estos planes. Pero no es un problema baladí, pues en la actualidad las Comunidades Autónomas en España aportan mas del 40% del gasto total del país en I+D+I. Por tanto el análisis debe ser serio, riguroso y sin perder de vista el contexto en donde estemos, en nuestro caso debe enmarcarse en la Estrategia Española de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación y en la Estrategia Europea "HORIZONTE 2020". ; When we speak of Regional Policy I + D + I we mean public initiatives covering an entire territory with a political, economic and legal consistency. These initiatives must have a strong commitment and leadership and should be framed in Government Programs, have the necessary economic items and by appropriate technical and human resources. In recent years all developed countries have had Programs related to R + D + I policies. Less common was the implementation of such plans at a supranational level, as could be the Framework Programmes of the European Union or regional plans within the structure of a country, as the case of Spain, especially significant. The Spanish case, where the constitution allows great political decentralization, each and every one of the 17 autonomous communities (regions) have their own plans for Science, Technology and Innovation. Following the adoption of the first Law of Science in 1986 and marked the launch of the National R + D, an approval process starts regional plans, initially as a complement to the National Plan and occassionally the closest priorities and not covered by that, but have had its lights and shadows. In the current global crisis in which we are immersed, it is time to evaluate and reflect on the evolution of these plans. But it is not a trivial problem, because at present the Autonomous Communities in Spain provide more than 40% of the total expenditure of the country in R & D. Therefore the analysis must be serious, rigorous and without losing sight of the context in which we are, in our case should be part of the Spanish Strategy for Science, Technology and Innovation and the European Strategy "HORIZON 2020". ; 69-87 ; fmsolis@ono.com ; Semestral

The dairy industry has presented great diversification and trends in dairy products. Flavored milks have had a great impact on the population mainly the infantile because of its impact on health, because of the high content of additives that it presents. The objective of this work was to analyze and compare the nutritional content, the types of sweeteners and dyes that contain chocolate flavored milks. The different brands of chocolate flavored milk have an adequate protein and fat content according to the legislation for these foods, coupled with a high content of additives among which are sugars and dyes. Therefore, these products should be consumed in a moderate way. ; La industria de los productos lácteos ha presentado una gran diversificación y tendencias de productos lácteos. Las leches saborizadas han tenido un gran impacto en la población principalmente la infantile por su repercusión en la salud, por el gran contenido de aditivos que presenta. El objetivo de este trabajo fué analizar y comparar el contenido nutrimental, los tipos de edulcorantes y colorantes que contienen las leches saborizadas de chocolate.Las diferentes marcas de leche saborizadas de chocolate presentan según la legislación para estos alimentos un adecuado contenido de proteína y grasa, aunado a un alto contenido de aditivos entre los que se encuentran azúcares y colorantes. Por lo anterior, estos productos deben ser consumidos de manera moderada.

According to the CODEX ALIMENTARIUS, fermented milks are dairy products obtained through the fermentation of milk, with or without changes in the composition, they are characterized by a specific crop (or specific crops) used for fermentation. The objective of this work was to review the presence of lactic acid bacteria in the labeling of Greek yogurt and fermented milk drinks. The labeling of both products complied with the amount of protein and fat according to the requirements established by NOM-086 -SSA1-1994. Although these products are vehicles of probiotic bacteria, they have high sugar content; therefore, their consumption should be moderate. Finally, the fermented dairy products evaluated were called fermented dairy products, they did not comply with the legislation specifying the type and quantity (CFU) of added lactic microorganisms. It is very important that brands account with this information, which will allow us to have a knowledge about which product could be recommended for the beneficial effect on the population's health. ; De acuerdo al CODEX ALIMENTARIO, las leches fermentadas son productos lácteos obtenidos por medio de la fermentación de la leche, con o sin modificaciones en la composición, se caracterizan por un cultivo específico (o cultivos específicos) utilizado para la fermentación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una revisión de la presencia de bacterias ácidos lácticas en el etiquetado de yogurt griego y bebidas lácteas fermentadas. El etiquetado de ambos productos cumplieron con la cantidad de proteína y grasa de acuerdo a los requerimientos establecidos por la NOM-086-SSA1-1994. A pesar de que estos productos son vehículos de bacterias probióticas, presentan un alto contenido de azucares, por lo tanto su consumo debe de ser moderado. Finalmente, los productos lácteos fermentados evaluados se hacían llamar como productos lácteos fermentados no cumplieron con la legislación de especificar el tipo y la cantidad (UFC) de microorganismos lácticos adicionados. Es de suma importancia que las marcas hagan referencia a dicha información lo que permitirá poder seleccionar dichos productos por el efecto benéfico hacia la salud de la población.

2707 2714 8 ; S ; Ayllón, M. L., Martinez, M. G., Mosquera, M. R., Laguna Martinez, J. J., Martiartu, M. O., & Fernández de Miguel, C. (1995). Fixed eruption caused by ciprofloxacin without cross-sensitivity to norfloxacin. Allergy, 50(7), 598-599. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb01206.x Sánchez-Morillas, L., Rojas Pérez-Ezquerra, P., Reaño-Martos, M., Laguna-Martínez, J. J., & Gómez-Tembleque, P. (2010). Systemic anaphylaxis caused by moxifloxacin. Allergologia et Immunopathologia, 38(4), 226-227. doi:10.1016/j.aller.2009.09.008 ; [EN] BACKGROUND: Quinolones are the second most frequent cause of hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to antibiotics. A marked increase in the number of patients with HSRs to quinolones has been detected. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics of patients with HSRs to quinolones and present methods for their diagnosis. METHODS: Patients attending the allergy unit due to reactions suggestive of HSRs to quinolones were prospectively evaluated between 2005 and 2018. Diagnosis was achieved using clinical history, skin tests (STs), basophil activation tests (BATs), and drug provocation tests (DPTs) if ST and BAT results were negative. RESULTS: We included 128 subjects confirmed as having HSRs to quinolones and 42 found to be tolerant. Anaphylaxis was the most frequent entity in immediate HSRs and was most commonly induced by moxifloxacin. Patients were evaluated a median of 150 days (interquartile range, 60-365 days) after the reaction. Of patients who underwent ST and BAT, 40.7% and 70%, respectively, were positive. DPT with a quinolone was performed in 48 cases, giving results depending on the culprit drug: when moxifloxacin was involved, 62.5% of patients gave a positive DPT result to ciprofloxacin, whereas none reacted to levofloxacin. The risk of HSR was 96 times higher in subjects who reported moxifloxacin-induced anaphylaxis and 18 times higher in those reporting immediate reactions compared with clinical entities induced by quinolones other than moxi-floxacin and ...