Suchergebnisse

11 páginas, 5 tablas, 4 figuras. ; [EN]: Conservation tillage has been promoted as a solution to counteract constraints caused by intensive agriculture. In this work the effects of two conservation tillage systems, reduced tillage (RT) and no-tillage (NT) were compared to the traditional tillage (TT) in a long- (15 years, RT) and short-term experiment (3 years, NT). Both experiments were carried out under semi-arid, rainfed agriculture of Mediterranean SW Spain. Tillage caused a sharp increase in soil CO2 emissions immediately after tillage implementation, with a maximum value of 6.24 g CO2 m-2 h-1 under long-term TT treatment. Along the year, losses of carbon through CO2 emission were higher (905 and 801 g C m-2 year-1 for the long- and shortterm TT treatments respectively), than those estimated for conservation systems (764 and 718 g C m-2 year-1 for RT and NT respectively). Conservation tillage systems accumulated more soil organic carbon (SOC) in surface than the corresponding TT treatments (1.24 and 1.17 times greater for RT and NT, respectively, at 0-10 cm depth). Despite SOC accumulation would be moderate other variables related to soil quality, such as dehydrogenase activity, can be consistently increased in soil surface in conservation tillage, as the stratification ratio values indicated. Crop yields in conservation tillage were similar to or even greater than those obtained in TT. The agricultural (soil quality) and environmental (less CO2 emission to the atmosphere) benefits derived from conservation tillage make this system recommendable for semi-arid Mediterranean rainfed agriculture. ; [ES]: El laboreo de conservación representa una solución para contrarrestar las limitaciones de la agricultura intensiva. En este trabajo se comparó el efecto de dos sistemas de laboreo de conservación, laboreo reducido (RT) y no-laboreo (NT), con laboreo tradicional (TT) en un experimento de larga duración (15 años, RT) y otro de corta duración (3 años, NT), bajo condiciones semi-áridas mediterráneas de secano (SE España). El laboreo aumentó las emisiones de CO2 en el momento de las labores, con un valor máximo de 6,24 g CO2 m-2 h-1 bajo el tratamiento TT del experimento de larga duración. A lo largo del año, las pérdidas de carbono CO2 fueron mayores (905 y 801 g C m-2 año-1 para los tratamientos TT de larga y corta duración, respectivamente) que las estimadas bajo laboreo de conservación (764 y 718 g C m-2 año-1 para RT y NT, respectivamente). Los sistemas de laboreo de conservación acumularon más carbono orgánico total (SOC) en superficie que sus correspondientes tratamientos TT (1,24 y 1,17 veces mayor para RT y NT, respectivamente, profundidad 0-10 cm). A pesar de la moderada acumulación de SOC, otras variables de calidad de suelo, como la actividad deshidrogenasa, pueden aumentar considerablemente en superficie bajo laboreo de conservación, así como valores de razón de estratificación. La producción del cultivo en laboreo de conservación fue similar o mayor que en TT. Los beneficios agrícolas del laboreo de conservación (calidad del suelo) y medioambientales (menores emisiones de CO2 a la atmósfera), hacen a este sistema recomendable para condiciones mediterráneas semi-áridas de secano. ; The CICYT Project AGL2005-02423 and the Andalusian Autonomous Government (AGR 151 Group) supported this work. ; Peer reviewed

8 páginas, 3 tablas, 2 figuras. ; [EN]: The effect of long term conservation tillage (CT) application on soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration, and on stratification ratios (SR) of SOC, soluble organic carbon (SOCs), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and protease activity (PA) has been studied. The SR was established dividing values of these variables at 0-5 cm depth by values at 10-25 cm depth. The results were compared with those obtained under traditional tillage (TT). The study was conducted in a wheat-sunflower crop rotation established in 1991 under rainfed conditions in south-west Spain. The results showed here correspond to the years 2001 (sunflower) and 2002 and 2004 (wheat). Despite a slight increase in SOC and the SR of SOC under CT compared to TT, noticeable and significant increases of SR of SOCs, MBC and PA were recorded in CT compared to TT. These increases reveal that the stratification of SOC under CT have consequences on soil functions beyond that of potentially sequestering more C in the soil. CT also improved soil quality by softening the loss of CaCO3, compared to TT. ; [ES]: Se han estudiado a largo plazo los efectos del laboreo de conservación (LC) sobre la concentración de carbono orgánico (CO) y las razones de estratificación (RE) del CO, CO soluble, C de la biomasa microbiana y actividad enzimática proteasa. Las RE se establecieron dividiendo los valores de estas variables en la profundidad de 0-5 cm por los valores obtenidos en la profundidad de 10-25 cm y los resultados se compararon con los obtenidos bajo laboreo tradicional (LT). El estudio se realizó sobre una rotación trigo-girasol establecida en 1991 bajo condiciones de secano, en el sur de España; los resultados presentados corresponden a los años 2001 (girasol) y 2002 y 2004 (trigo). El aumento de CO y estratificación del CO en LC sólo fue moderado respecto al registrado en LT. Sin embargo, los aumentos de los valores de estratificación de CO soluble, C de la biomasa microbiana y actividad proteasa fueron notables y significativamente más altos en LC que en LT. La estratificación del CO en LC no sólo refleja una acumulación de CO, sino que afecta a las funciones (dinámica) del suelo. El LC también mejoró la calidad del suelo mitigando, respecto a LT, las pérdidas de CaCO3. ; CICYT Projects (AGF93-0613-CO2-01 and AGL2004-03684/AGR), and Andalusian Autonomous Government (Junta de Andalucía, AGR 151 Group) supported these works. ; Peer reviewed

Objetivo: haja vista a relevância do marketing de relacionamento para as organizações que operam no mercado consumidor (B2C) e a lacuna na literatura no que tange à comparação do cenário de produção nacional com o internacional, o objetivo deste artigo foi mapear o estado da arte recente sobre relacionamento com o consumidor e propor uma agenda de pesquisaMétodo: realizou-se uma revisão bibliométrica com 435 artigos publicados entre 2015 e 2019, classificados segundo critérios demográficos, institucionais e metodológicosResultados: constatou-se a predominância de artigos empíricos e de natureza quantitativa, além da necessidade de desenvolvimento conceitual para o tema. Há preferência pela aplicação de pesquisas no setor privado, configurando lacuna de pesquisa do tema no que se refere ao setor públicoConclusões: as contribuições residem na apresentação de itinerários de pesquisa, cujo propósito maior é auxiliar o desenvolvimento teórico e empírico do marketing de relacionamento, beneficiando tanto a comunidade acadêmica quanto as organizações

8 páginas.-- 6 figuras.-- 1 tabla.-- 44 referencias ; The fruit maturation stage is considered the optimal phenological stage for implementing water deficitin jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.), since a low, moderate or severe water deficit at this time has no effect onyield, fruit volume or eating quality. However, no information exists at fruit water relations level on themechanisms developed by Z. jujuba to confront drought. The purpose of the present study was to increaseour understanding of the relationship between leaf and fruit water relations of jujube plants under dif-ferent irrigation conditions during fruit maturation, paying special attention to analysing whether fruitsize depends on fruit turgor. For this, adult jujube trees (cv. Grande de Albatera) were subjected to fiveirrigation treatments. Control plants (T0) were irrigated daily above their crop water requirements inorder to attain non-limiting soil water conditions in 2012 and 2013. T1 plants were subjected to deficitirrigation throughout the 2012 season, according to the criteria frequently used by the growers in thearea. T2 (2012), T3 and T4 (2013) were irrigated as T0 except during fruit maturation, in which irrigationwas withheld for 32, 17 and 24 days, respectively. The results indicated that the jujube fruit maturationperiod was clearly sensitive to water deficit. During most of this stage water could enter the fruits viathe phloem rather than via the xylem. From the beginning of water withholding to when maximumwater stress levels were achieved, fruit and leaf turgor were maintained in plants under water deficit.However, a direct relation between turgor and fruit size was not found in jujube fruits, which could bedue to an enhancement of a cell elasticity mechanism (elastic adjustment) which maintains fruit turgorby reducing fruit cells size or to the fact that jujube fruit growth depends on the fruit growth-effectiveturgor rather than just turgor pressure. ; This research was supported by Agencia Espa˜nola de Coop-eración Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID) (A1/035430/11)and MICINN and MINECO (CICYT/FEDER AGL2010-19201-C04-01AGR and AGL2013-45922-C2-2-R) grants to the authors. AG, ZNC,JCG and HM were funded by a FPU, an AECID, a FPI an INIA grantfrom the Spanish Government, respectively. ; Peer reviewed

Seven years after the launch of the European Paediatric Medicine Regulation, limited progress in paediatric oncology drug development remains a major concern amongst stakeholders – academics, industry, regulatory authorities, parents, patients and caregivers. Restricted increases in early phase paediatric oncology trials, legal requirements and regulatory pressure to propose early Paediatric Investigation Plans (PIPs), missed opportunities to explore new drugs potentially relevant for paediatric malignancies, lack of innovative trial designs and no new incentives to develop drugs against specific paediatric targets are some unmet needs. Better access to new anti-cancer drugs for paediatric clinical studies and improved collaboration between stakeholders are essential. The Cancer Drug Development Forum (CDDF), previously Biotherapy Development Association (BDA), with Innovative Therapy for Children with Cancer Consortium (ITCC), European Society for Paediatric Oncology (SIOPE) and European Network for Cancer Research in Children and Adolescents (ENCCA) has created a unique Paediatric Oncology Platform, involving multiple stakeholders and the European Union (EU) Commission, with an urgent remit to improve paediatric oncology drug development. The Paediatric Oncology Platform proposes to recommend immediate changes in the implementation of the Regulation and set the framework for its 2017 revision; initiatives to incentivise drug development against specific paediatric oncology targets, and repositioning of drugs not developed in adults. Underpinning these changes is a strategy for mechanism of action and biology driven selection and prioritisation of potential paediatric indications rather than the current process based on adult cancer indications. Pre-competitive research and drug prioritisation, early portfolio evaluation, cross-industry cooperation and multi-compound/sponsor trials are being explored, from which guidance for innovative trial designs will be provided.