Suchergebnisse

This article provides a guide to psychological tests and test procedures recommended for diagnosing learning disabilities in deaf and hard-of-hearing youth and adults. Tests are evaluated relative to their usefulness with deaf and hard-of-hearing persons in school and rehabilitation settings. These data provide the basis for recommendation of a battery of tests for use by school, vocational, and general psychologists in evaluating deaf and hard-of-hearing youth and adults for learning disabilities.

Britain has traditionally been a large net importer of basic foodstuffs, raw materials and fuels, the resulting deficit being covered by net exports of manufactures and by invisible earnings. The net export position in manufactures was the result of both large exports and very small imports. Since the war, however, and more especially during the 1960s, there has been a radical change. British exports of manufactured goods have lagged behind the growth of world exports, while imports of manufactures have risen extremely rapidly. Between 1963 and 1972, almost three quarters of the rise in visible imports, measured in balance of payments terms, is attributable to manufactured goods. Thus net exports of manufactures have barely risen in absolute terms, and their size in relation to total exports of manufactured goods has diminished sharply.

<p> </p><p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Introduction to the Special Issue on Alternative Pathways in Education for Disenfranchised Children and Young People in the Australian Context.</span><strong></strong></p><p> </p>

Introduction: We have hypothesized that incompatibility between the G1m genotype of the patient and the G1m1 and G1m17 allotypes carried by infliximab (INX) and adalimumab (ADM) could decrease the efficacy of these anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) antibodies in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: The G1m genotypes were analyzed in three collections of patients with RA totaling 1037 subjects. The first, used for discovery, comprised 215 Spanish patients. The second and third were successively used for replication. They included 429 British and Greek patients and 393 Spanish and British patients, respectively. Two outcomes were considered: change in the Disease Activity Score in 28 joint (ΔDAS28) and the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria. Results: An association between less response to INX and incompatibility of the G1m1,17 allotype was found in the discovery collection at 6 months of treatment (P = 0.03). This association was confirmed in the replications (P = 0.02 and 0.08, respectively) leading to a global association (P = 0.001) that involved a mean difference in ΔDAS28 of 0.4 units between compatible and incompatible patients (2.3 ± 1.5 in compatible patients vs. 1.9 ± 1.5 in incompatible patients) and an increase in responders and decrease in non-responders according to the EULAR criteria (P = 0.03). A similar association was suggested for patients treated with ADM in the discovery collection, but it was not supported by replication. Conclusions: Our results suggest that G1m1,17 allotypes are associated with response to INX and could aid improved therapeutic targeting in RA ; Funding was provided by grants PI11/01048, PI12/01909 and by RETICS Program, RD08/0075/0019 and RD12/0009/0008 (RIER) of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain) that are partially financed by the European Regional Development Fund of the European Union.