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Fascism in Europe, 1919-1945 surveys the phenomenon which is still the object of interest and debate over fifty years after its defeat in the Second World War. It introduces the recent scholarship and continuing debates on the nature of fascism as well as the often contentious contributions by foreign historians and political scientists.From the pre-First World War intellectual origins of Fascism to its demise in 1945, this book examines:* the two 'waves' of fascism - in the immediate post-war period and in the late 1920s and early 1930s* whether the European crisis created by the Treaty of Ve

Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Lowcountry Georgia and the Early Modern Atlantic World, 1733-ca. 1820 -- "High notions of their liberty": Women of Color and the American Revolution in Lowcountry Georgia and South Carolina, 1765-1783 -- "I began to feel the happiness of liberty, of which I knew nothing before": Eighteenth-Century Black Accounts of the Lowcountry -- Africans, Culture, and Islam in the Lowcountry -- "They shun the scrutiny of white men": Reports on Religion from the Georgia Lowcountry and West Africa, 1834-1850 -- Reclaiming the Gullah-Geechee Past: Archaeology of Slavery in Coastal Georgia -- A Spirit of Enterprise: The African American Challenge to the Confederate Project in Civil War-Era Savannah -- "The great cry of our people is land!" Black Settlement and Community Development on Ossabaw Island, Georgia, 1865-1900 -- Summoning the Ancestors: The Flying Africans' Story and Its Enduring Legacy -- A Sense of Self and Place: Unmasking My Gullah Cultural Heritage -- Contributors -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z -- A gallery of illustrations follows page.

It is now 80 years since Mussolini's Fascism came to power in Italy, but the political heirs of the original Fascism are part of government in today's Italy. The resurgence of neo-fascist and neo-Nazi extremism all over Europe are a reminder of the continuing place of fascism in contemporary European society, despite its political and military defeat in 1945. This thoroughly revised, updated and expanded edition provides a critical and comprehensive overview of the origins of Fascism and the movement's taking and consolidation of power. Philip Morgan: · explains how the experience of the First World War created Fascism · describes how the unsettled post-war conditions in Italy enabled an initially small group of political adventurers around Mussolini to build a large movement and take power in 1922 · focuses on the workings of the first ever 'totalitarian' system and its impacts on the lives and outlooks of ordinary Italians · considers the meshing of internal 'fascistisation' and expansionism, which emerged most clearly after 1936 as Italy became more closely aligned with Nazi Germany · examines the demise of Italian Fascism between 1943 and 1945 as Mussolini and his party became the puppets of Nazism · provides an explanation and interpretation of Fascism, locating it in contemporary history and taking account of recent debates on the nature of the phenomenon. Clear and approachable, this essential text is ideal for anyone interested in Italy's turbulent political history in the first half of the twentieth century