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This guide, made possible thanks to the financial support of the Japanese government, is the result of 20 years of exchange and mutual learning between ganfa craftsmen who keep their thatching technique alive and many Ugandan and foreign researchers who have shown interest in their art of building once the Kasubi Tombs were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The content of this illustrated guide is based on the writings of these researchers and has been enriched with new information obtained through interviews conducted in 2019 at Kasubi with craftspeople.This guide aims to help all those who want to undernstand the incredibly smart Ganda thatching technique in order to preserve existing roofs but also start building new ones in the respect of traditions.We hope this book will answer all the questions you may have and that it will contribute to spreading this construction technique, which is entirely based on vegetable materials, and therefore represents a technical tour de force and a beautiful way of showing respect for the environment.

This guide, made possible thanks to the financial support of the Japanese government, is the result of 20 years of exchange and mutual learning between ganfa craftsmen who keep their thatching technique alive and many Ugandan and foreign researchers who have shown interest in their art of building once the Kasubi Tombs were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The content of this illustrated guide is based on the writings of these researchers and has been enriched with new information obtained through interviews conducted in 2019 at Kasubi with craftspeople.This guide aims to help all those who want to undernstand the incredibly smart Ganda thatching technique in order to preserve existing roofs but also start building new ones in the respect of traditions.We hope this book will answer all the questions you may have and that it will contribute to spreading this construction technique, which is entirely based on vegetable materials, and therefore represents a technical tour de force and a beautiful way of showing respect for the environment.

This guide, made possible thanks to the financial support of the Japanese government, is the result of 20 years of exchange and mutual learning between ganfa craftsmen who keep their thatching technique alive and many Ugandan and foreign researchers who have shown interest in their art of building once the Kasubi Tombs were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The content of this illustrated guide is based on the writings of these researchers and has been enriched with new information obtained through interviews conducted in 2019 at Kasubi with craftspeople.This guide aims to help all those who want to undernstand the incredibly smart Ganda thatching technique in order to preserve existing roofs but also start building new ones in the respect of traditions.We hope this book will answer all the questions you may have and that it will contribute to spreading this construction technique, which is entirely based on vegetable materials, and therefore represents a technical tour de force and a beautiful way of showing respect for the environment.

This guide, made possible thanks to the financial support of the Japanese government, is the result of 20 years of exchange and mutual learning between ganfa craftsmen who keep their thatching technique alive and many Ugandan and foreign researchers who have shown interest in their art of building once the Kasubi Tombs were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The content of this illustrated guide is based on the writings of these researchers and has been enriched with new information obtained through interviews conducted in 2019 at Kasubi with craftspeople.This guide aims to help all those who want to undernstand the incredibly smart Ganda thatching technique in order to preserve existing roofs but also start building new ones in the respect of traditions.We hope this book will answer all the questions you may have and that it will contribute to spreading this construction technique, which is entirely based on vegetable materials, and therefore represents a technical tour de force and a beautiful way of showing respect for the environment.

International audience ; This poster aims to propose practical tools for archaeologists who have to preserve earthen architecture remains in an archaeological context. The initial lifecycle of the architecture is depicted into four major phases: when in use, then the decline, the remains' stabilisation by the erosion and finally the archaeological excavations. In the past, most of the sites were abandoned after this initial step and the erosion process was reactivated. Nowadays, heritage legislations and a general international awareness of the scientific community do not allow such a careless behaviour. Conservation of earthen archaeological remains has become a duty usually entrusted to archaeologists who have very little knowledge of the good practices. This poster presents easy reproducible conservation options based on three approaches: - preventive conservation, where the concept of "minimum interventions for maximum understanding" is applied - the conservation dedicated to the site presentation to the public, with an anticipation of the damages as well as the construction of pedagogical tools on site (museum, pathways, facilities, signage.) - a mixed approach which combines elements from the first with elements of the second as part of a step-by-step conservation plan. This analysis is the result of 40 years experience on earthen archaeological sites by the CRAterre laboratory experts, accumulating knowledge on theoretical and practical aspects of the conservation of earthen archaeological remains all over the world.

International audience ; This poster aims to propose practical tools for archaeologists who have to preserve earthen architecture remains in an archaeological context. The initial lifecycle of the architecture is depicted into four major phases: when in use, then the decline, the remains' stabilisation by the erosion and finally the archaeological excavations. In the past, most of the sites were abandoned after this initial step and the erosion process was reactivated. Nowadays, heritage legislations and a general international awareness of the scientific community do not allow such a careless behaviour. Conservation of earthen archaeological remains has become a duty usually entrusted to archaeologists who have very little knowledge of the good practices. This poster presents easy reproducible conservation options based on three approaches: - preventive conservation, where the concept of "minimum interventions for maximum understanding" is applied - the conservation dedicated to the site presentation to the public, with an anticipation of the damages as well as the construction of pedagogical tools on site (museum, pathways, facilities, signage.) - a mixed approach which combines elements from the first with elements of the second as part of a step-by-step conservation plan. This analysis is the result of 40 years experience on earthen archaeological sites by the CRAterre laboratory experts, accumulating knowledge on theoretical and practical aspects of the conservation of earthen archaeological remains all over the world.

Turkmenistan, the crossroad of the busiest medieval path - the great Silk Road - and the meeting point of western and eastern civilizations, is well known by archaeologists and historians as a great land of history and ancient civilizations. Kunya-Urgench is the largest archaeological site in the north of Turkmenistan, on the left bank of the old Amu-Darya riverbed, representing a vast zone of protected landscape with well preserved monuments of great architectural value, numerous ruins and rich unexplored archaeological sub-layers. There is no doubt about the architectural, archaeological and historical significance of this site.

Turkmenistan, the crossroad of the busiest medieval path - the great Silk Road - and the meeting point of western and eastern civilizations, is well known by archaeologists and historians as a great land of history and ancient civilizations. Kunya-Urgench is the largest archaeological site in the north of Turkmenistan, on the left bank of the old Amu-Darya riverbed, representing a vast zone of protected landscape with well preserved monuments of great architectural value, numerous ruins and rich unexplored archaeological sub-layers. There is no doubt about the architectural, archaeological and historical significance of this site.

Old Nisa is a 14-hectare tell surrounded by a high defensive earth rampart with more than 40 rectangular towers. Its contours take the shape of an irregular pentagon with the corners flanked by powerful bastions.The entire site was built on a natural hill, the top of which had been levelled up and flattened with layers of earth (pakhsa). The number and location of the gates have not been precisely determined yet. The most probable location of the main and, perhaps the only entrance, was at the centre of the western part of the surrounding wall.

Old Nisa is a 14-hectare tell surrounded by a high defensive earth rampart with more than 40 rectangular towers. Its contours take the shape of an irregular pentagon with the corners flanked by powerful bastions.The entire site was built on a natural hill, the top of which had been levelled up and flattened with layers of earth (pakhsa). The number and location of the gates have not been precisely determined yet. The most probable location of the main and, perhaps the only entrance, was at the centre of the western part of the surrounding wall.

Old Nisa is a 14-hectare tell surrounded by a high defensive earth rampart with more than 40 rectangular towers. Its contours take the shape of an irregular pentagon with the corners flanked by powerful bastions.The entire site was built on a natural hill, the top of which had been levelled up and flattened with layers of earth (pakhsa). The number and location of the gates have not been precisely determined yet. The most probable location of the main and, perhaps the only entrance, was at the centre of the western part of the surrounding wall.

Cette étude sur les voies de la recherche terre pour la République de Corée a permis de mieux analyser et évaluer l'importance du potentiel de développement des architectures de terre dans le pays afin de l'associer à un mouvement international de plus en plus étendu en faveur de leur renouveau. Cette tendance de plus en plus confirmée trouve toute son actualité et son sens avec les orientations données au niveau mondial à une politique globale et à des stratégies régionales et locales pour la mise en oeuvre du développement durable. En effet, le matériau terre, utilisé depuis des millénaires par les hommes bâtisseurs, offre encore aujourd'hui des atouts d'exception pour répondre à ces nouvelles orientations politiques et stratégiques davantage coordonnées (Sommet de Rio, agendas 21, Protocole de Kyoto, etc.). Les architectures de terre constituent l'une des réponses alternatives – parmi d'autres - pour contribuer efficacement à la réduction des consommations d'énergies fossiles et des ressources renouvelables rares qui sont à l'origine de nos principaux matériaux industriels de construction dont la réduction d'emploi est d'ores et déjà imposée. Mais aussi pour contribuer à la réduction des émissions de CO2, à la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique, et en faveur de davantage de qualité écologique et environnementale du cadre bâti pour la société.Pour soutenir cette perspective d'un renouveau coréen en faveur des architectures de terre, tendance qui s'est déjà engagée depuis une dizaine d'années, il conviendrait de favoriser et de soutenir le développement d'activités de recherche et d'étude, d'expérimentation et des projets très concrets revalorisant à la fois le patrimoine architectural de valeur culturelle, et dynamisant la réalisation de projets d'architecture contemporaine qui actualisent et modernisent les cultures constructives de la terre crue.

Cette étude sur les voies de la recherche terre pour la République de Corée a permis de mieux analyser et évaluer l'importance du potentiel de développement des architectures de terre dans le pays afin de l'associer à un mouvement international de plus en plus étendu en faveur de leur renouveau. Cette tendance de plus en plus confirmée trouve toute son actualité et son sens avec les orientations données au niveau mondial à une politique globale et à des stratégies régionales et locales pour la mise en oeuvre du développement durable. En effet, le matériau terre, utilisé depuis des millénaires par les hommes bâtisseurs, offre encore aujourd'hui des atouts d'exception pour répondre à ces nouvelles orientations politiques et stratégiques davantage coordonnées (Sommet de Rio, agendas 21, Protocole de Kyoto, etc.). Les architectures de terre constituent l'une des réponses alternatives – parmi d'autres - pour contribuer efficacement à la réduction des consommations d'énergies fossiles et des ressources renouvelables rares qui sont à l'origine de nos principaux matériaux industriels de construction dont la réduction d'emploi est d'ores et déjà imposée. Mais aussi pour contribuer à la réduction des émissions de CO2, à la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique, et en faveur de davantage de qualité écologique et environnementale du cadre bâti pour la société.Pour soutenir cette perspective d'un renouveau coréen en faveur des architectures de terre, tendance qui s'est déjà engagée depuis une dizaine d'années, il conviendrait de favoriser et de soutenir le développement d'activités de recherche et d'étude, d'expérimentation et des projets très concrets revalorisant à la fois le patrimoine architectural de valeur culturelle, et dynamisant la réalisation de projets d'architecture contemporaine qui actualisent et modernisent les cultures constructives de la terre crue.