Suchergebnisse

The paper presents the results of a research project implemented in 2020–2021 at the micro level of political analysis in Krasnodar using survey and expert sessions. The interpretation of empirical data was carried out within the theoretical scope of the concepts of civic identity, theories of values and generational theory. Life values of school students are presented as va­lues-ideals and values-goals, and their significance is determined. The paper characterized cognitive, emotional and behavioural levels of civic identity of high school students and revealed the ideal image of a citizen. The school and the Internet are considered as actors of civic socia­lization. Conclusions were drawn about the need to reconsider the social role of young people in a digital society, to form a new view of the factors and mechanisms of intergenerational transmission, to develop and implement a targeted youth policy. Four university students and five high school students participated in all stages of the project, gaining experience in conducting empirical research and presenting the results.

The formation of the country's image is one of the components of the national identity policy construction. The purpose of this study is to identify the substantive characteristics of the policy of the three Caspian states - Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Azerbaijan - within the formation of both the image of their countries and the macro-region. The concept of the 'discursive power' is applied; the empirical methods used are an online survey, focus group and expert interviews. The author characterizes the main groups of factors influencing the construction of the image in the countries under consideration, identifies the types of image policies, main strategies, and technologies. We focused on the problems and prospects of forming the image of the Caspian macro-region. According to the surveys of citizens conducted in Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan, the structural characteristics of the macro-region image are as follows: the ecosystem of the Caspian Sea and the common Soviet past. The main challenges to promoting the image of the macro-region are the lacuna of agencies in terms of institutions, general strategies and technologies, the uneven inclusion of the countries of the macro-region in the global and regional information space, the nature of center-regional relations in the countries of the region, the existing competition of macroregional projects. In the modern world order, the Caspian macro-region can be considered as a potential 'center of power', possessing enormous material and spiritual resources for development. The construction of its image, its promotion as one of the humanitarian components of the developing cooperation of the Caspian Five countries in the conditions of deglobalization and the creation of mega-regional projects that establish new standards and norms of interaction.

The objective of the article is to identify main intangible resources of the territories and characterize the mechanisms that allow them to be converted into real factors of development. The authors showed the structure of such intangible resources as development institutions, human resources, regional and local identities applying to Krasnodar Krai case. The mechanisms for involving various interested groups of the public in the process of discussing problems and developing ways to make decisions; mechanisms of social lifts for the development of human resources in the system of public and municipal government; mechanisms for the development and implementation of identity policy and image policy; mechanisms for integrating migrants of various flows into local communities and developing their constructive potential are characterized. The variety of intangible resources contributes to the achievement of a fundamentally new level of the quality of life, taking into account needs and interests, both in cities and in the countryside. Non-economic resources for the innovative development of the state as a whole and its territories are associated with the production of post-material values (creativity, accessibility and dynamics of information exchange, civic activity, the idea of public good), which transform the nature of public interactions of various actors. Public policy institutions will allow territorial communities to recognize and effectively use their special, unique resources associated with development of traditional and promotion of alternative models of production and consumption, with a balance between «tradition» and «innovation».

It is no secret that the amount of accumulated waste in Russia today is about 90 billion tons. And the situation is that distinct economic incentives for integrated waste management just do not exist (http://kn51.ru/news/society/ecology/2013/5/02/ekologiya-kak-indikator-zrelosti-obshchestva.html). Many people believe that there are only two ways of development: go back to primitive society or go forward to the inevitable destruction of the environment. However, there is an alternative that combines the preservation of the environment and social well-being – it is the concept of sustainable development.

The article presents acasestudy of one ofthe important and leastresearched areas ofself-government bodies'social policy –charitable activities of the Zemstvo in Saratov province. The main attention is paid to the forms of childhood protection and the process of building up a system of Zemstvo's assistance to orphans and children left without parental care. The paper places a significant focus on the history of creation of the Zemstvo's orphanage and other institutions of social care for foundlings.

The increase in the political subjectivity of non-state actors, primarily megacities, has long been articulated, but still has not received sufficient understanding. The ongoing processes of urbanization and globalization, on the one hand, and the processes of deurbanization and deglobalization, clearly manifested during the pandemic, give rise to many complex tasks of political management that require new approaches both in practice and in the theory of politics. The editorial board presents the current issue of the journal devoted to analysing the problems of the city and the countryside from a political perspective, stating political urban and rural studies as a subdiscipline of political science taking its first steps.

The article presents the characteristics of the most important part of the financial policy of the zemstvo self-government bodies in Saratov province - administration of the expenditure budget. Particular attention is paid to the types of expenses aimed at fulfilling the compulsory and optional duties of the zemstvo. An important place in the publication is occupied by the problem of budget deficit and credit policy of zemstvo institutions in 1866-1917.

The article presents a characteristic of the most important sphere in financial activity of the Saratov Zemstvo – fiscal policy. In particular, it analyses the tax system of zemstvo self-government bodies in the Saratov province, the forms of zemstvo dues, and objects of taxation. Special emphasis is laid on a study of growth trends in the budget revenue, and a simultaneous increase in tax arrears, which significantly reduced the efficiency of the zemstvo work.

The article shows management process during the implementation of the development strategy of an enterprise's international economic performance (IEP) as a complex system, which includes processes, operations, elements. Strategic management process of IEP is a higher form of informational interaction, which cannot be effective without high-intellectual memory (supported with a computer). It reflects the functioning of strategic management system of IEP and is a complex phenomenon, which contains the target subsystem, providing subsystem, normative and legislative subsystem and management subsystem. In their turn, the subsystems mentioned above consist of partial processes, operations, and elements. Any strategy management will be effective if there are at least two channels: informational (direct and reverse) and energy (motivational) channel. The effectiveness of strategy implementation is determined with the level of sufficient information for managers of all levels and the motivational system. Conceptual model of strategic management process of IEP of an enterprise is suggested, which is based on the system approach and represented as a set of the following basic subsystems: "X" – target subsystem, "Y" – providing subsystem, "ХY" – normative and legislative subsystem, "Z" – management subsystem. The "X" axis – "System goals" – illustrates management cycle during the implementation of IEP strategy (a set of stages, processes, functions which should be carried out to achieve the goal (get the result). The "Y" axis represents the implementation of the goals and processes and defines means of the rational goal achievement. Strategic management subsystem (axis "Z") reflects the implementation of general strategic management functions of IEP on the background of accumulated experience (memory). Such system of relations requires the improvement and stabilization of the system of laws, regulations, instructions, orders, which form normative and legislative framework (axis "ХY"). It will determine and establish the "rules of the game" at competitive international markets. Each of the subsystems mentioned above forms its own technical and economic indicators (TEI-1 TEI-2, TEI-3, TEI-4), which are integrated into synthetic management criteria of IEP (TEI-5). ; У статті показано процес управління при реалізації стратегії розвитку зовнішньоекономічної діяльності підприємства (ЗЕД) як складну систему, що містить у собі складові процеси, операції, елементи. Процес стратегічного управління ЗЕД представляє собою вищу форму інформаційної взаємодії, яка не може бути ефективною без високоінтелектуальної пам'яті (підтриманої комп'ютером). Він відображає функціонування системи стратегічного управління ЗЕД і є складним явищем, яке містить цільову, забезпечуючу, нормативно-законодавчу та керуючу підсистеми, які, у свою чергу, складаються із часткових процесів, операцій, елементів. Будь-яке управління стратегією буде ефективним при наявності як мінімум двох каналів: інформаційного (прямого і зворотного) та енергетичного (мотиваційного). Ефективність реалізації стратегії визначається рівнем інформаційного забезпечення менеджерів всіх ланок та мотиваційної системи. Запропоновано концептуальну модель процесу стратегічного управління ЗЕД підприємства, яка побудована на основі системного підходу і представлена у вигляді таких основних підсистем: «Х» – цільова підсистема, «Y» – забезпечуюча підсистема, «ХY» – нормативно-законодавча підсистема, «Z» – керуюча підсистема. Вісь «Х» – «Цілі системи» – ілюструє управлінський цикл при реалізації стратегії ЗЕД (сукупність етапів, процесів, функцій, які слід здійснити для досягнення мети (отримання результату). Вісь «Y» відображає реалізацію цілей і процесів, які необхідно здійснити, і визначає засоби раціонального досягнення цілей. Підсистема стратегічного управління (вісь «Z») відображає реалізацію загальних функцій стратегічного управління ЗЕД на фоні нагромадженого досвіду (пам'яті). Така система відносин потребує вдосконалення і стабілізації системи законів, підзаконних актів, інструкцій, наказів, тобто усієї нормативно-законодавчої бази (вісь «ХY»), яка буде визначати і встановлювати «правила гри» на конкурентних міжнародних ринках. Кожна із наведених підсистем формує власні техніко-економічні показники (ТЕП-1 ТЕП-2, ТЕП-3, ТЕП-4), які інтегруються в синтетичні критерії управління ЗЕД (ТЕП-5).