"Craig F. Morris explores the beginnings of American strategic bombing theory, why it changed over time, the factors that shaped that change, and how technology molded military doctrine. This book provides a discussion of the American strategic bombing concept in a way that advances aviation history. By tracing the complex interrelationships of these four causal factors, this book provides a greater understanding of the origins and rise to dominance of American strategic bombing theory."--Provided by publisher
This paper examined representations of medicinal cannabis users in UK newspapers, 1990–1998. It is important to understand the significance of these newspaper articles during this early stage of the growing cultural normalisation of medicinal cannabis use, in the UK, which is not documented in the existing literature. This is a very different period in relation to access to information for members of the public because it was before the widespread use of the internet. The significance of these dates is also that I started interviewing medicinal cannabis users in 1998, which led to Coomber et al. (2003). Very significantly, almost half of the participants in that article indicated that newspapers were the source of the idea that cannabis was medicinally useful and that this accounted for why they began to use it medicinally. What was in those newspaper articles that encouraged this view? In the current article, I examined 60 newspaper articles about medicinal cannabis use, using a thematic analysis which also draws on aspects of critical discourse analysis. I report on the process of symbolic boundary work which negotiates the ambiguity of individuals portrayed as social insiders but who used cannabis. The representations within the articles emphasized the social insider characteristics of medicinal cannabis users, emphasized their genuine illnesses/impairments, but interestingly also articulated misunderstandings by the journalists which contributed to a positive portrayal.
While sympathy exists among the public for chronically ill and/or disabled people who use cannabis medicinally, cannabis remains a prohibited substance in the UK. How do medicinal cannabis users negotiate this potential stigma when talking about their use of this substance? I reflect on the spoken discourses of 10 medicinal cannabis users (from a sample of 32), obtained by way of qualitative interviews, adopting a critical discourse analysis approach to the data. Specifically, I focus on their articulations around three related themes: cannabis as a 'natural' substance, discursive oppositions between cannabis and other substances, and articulations about what is/is not a 'drug'. I examine how participants articulated these themes in ways that attempted to negotiate the potential for stigma that talking about their cannabis use involved. I found they used rhetorical strategies that downplay their own deviance, attempt to shift the application of stigma to users of other substances, or both. I argue that the more powerful the discursive resources that are articulated, the less rhetorical work an individual has to do to negotiate positive moral standing in an encounter. I also consider to what degree these articulations involved constructions emphasising individual self-control. I argue participants emphasise their individual self-control by asserting that cannabis is a 'natural' substance (connoting less inherent risk).
Quand les archéologues sont amenés à évaluer les possibilités offertes par l'étude des sociétés disparues, ils le font essentiellement à partir de certains indicateurs tels que le régime alimentaire, l'adaptation aux conditions écologiques, et la reconstitution des systèmes d'échange. Il est évident que tous les objets échangés n'échappent pas de la même façon à l'action destructrice du temps. Les progrès réalisés dans les techniques d'analyse des objets retrouvés in situ nous permettent de compléter nos informations en élargissant le champ de nos recherches : sources de matières premières, lieux de fabrication, itinéraires d'acheminement de ces produits.
This work details the development of a stability and control module for implementation into a Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) framework for the conceptual design of conventional and advanced aircraft. A novel approach, called the Variance Constrained Flying Qualities (VCFQ) approach, is developed to include closed-loop dynamic performance metrics in the design optimization process. The VCFQ approach overcomes the limitations of previous methods in the literature, which only functioned for fully decoupled systems with single inputs to the system. Translation of the modal parameter based flying qualities requirements into state variance upper bounds allows for multiple-input control laws which can guarantee upper bounds on closed-loop performance metrics of the aircraft states and actuators to be rapidly synthesized. A linear matrix inequality (LMI) problem formulation provides a general and scalable numerical technique for computing the feedback control laws using convex optimization tools. The VCFQ approach is exercised in a design optimization study of a relaxed static stability transonic transport aircraft, wherein the empennage assembly is optimized subject to both static constraints and closed-loop dynamic constraints. Under the relaxed static stability assumption, application of the VCFQ approach resulted in a 36% reduction in horizontal tail area and a 32% reduction in vertical tail area as compared to the baseline configuration, which netted a weight savings of approximately 5,200 lbs., a 12% reduction in cruise trimmed drag, and a static margin which was marginally stable or unstable throughout the flight envelope. State variance based dynamic performance constraints offer the ability to analyze large, highly coupled systems, and the linear matrix inequality problem formulation can be extended to include higher-order closed-loop design objectives within the MDO. Recommendations for further development and extensions of this approach are presented at the end. ; This material is based on research sponsored by Air Force Research Laboratory under agreement number FA8650-09-2-3938. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of Air Force Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. ; Ph. D.
Chapter 1: Energiewende -- the solution to more problems than climate change -- Chapter 2: The birth of a movement: 1970s protests for democracy in Wyhl -- Chapter 3: Fledgling wind power -- the folly of innovation without deployment -- Chapter 4: German wind pioneers fighting power monopolies in the 1980s -- Chapter 5: The Power Rebels of Schönau -- Chapter 6: Renewable energy in conservative communities -- Chapter 7: The 1990s: laying the foundations for the Energiewende -- Chapter 8: Green capitalism made in Germany -- Chapter 9: The Red-Green revolution (1998-2005) -- Chapter 10: Healthy democracy: key to the Energiewende's success -- Chapter 11: Utilities bet on gas and coal and renewables boom (2005-2011) -- Chapter 12: From Meitner to Merkel: a history of German nuclear power -- Chapter 13: Merkel takes ownership of the Energiewende (2011-today) -- Chapter 14: Will the Energiewende succeed? -- Chapter 15: Act now or be left out.
