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Being an urban refugee in Yemen brings far fewer benefits than being in a camp -- and scarcely more opportunities. Adapted from the source document.

The pace of repatriation of Sudanese refugees & return of IDPs to South Sudan has picked up but expectations at the time of the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA ) in January 2005 have yet to be realised. With all eyes on Darfur, assistance to sustain returns to South Sudan remains inadequate. Adapted from the source document.

Several of the preceding articles reflect optimism about humanitarian reform and cite successes of the Cluster Approach. However, many within the humanitarian community -- practitioners, donors and analysts -- harbor doubts, often not publicly aired, which they shared with FMR during the preparation of this issue. Adapted from the source document.

Khartoum's refusal to allow Jan Egeland, the UN Emergency Relief Coordinator, to visit Darfur -- & the expulsion of the Norwegian Refugee Council from the troubled region -- is further evidence of efforts by the ruling National Congress Party (NCP) to contain inter national engagement in Sudan. Adapted from the source document.

In December 2005 the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) endorsed a 'cluster'-based mechanism to address gaps in the humanitarian response to IDP & refugee situations. This article briefly summarizes the cluster approach & how it will work. Adapted from the source document.

According to Israel the West Bank Barrier is a security measure. Opponents argue that it is set to become a de facto border, pre-empting final status negotiations between Israel & the Palestinians & incorporating illegal settlements into Israel. Adapted from the source document.

Examination of the common EU asylum standards so far adopted suggests that there is still a long way to go before asylum policy & practice are harmonized & that this process may undermine the principles enshrined in the Refugee Convention. Adapted from the source document.

Argues that since its creation in 1951, (initially as the Inter-Governmental Committee on Migration), the International Organization for Migration (IOM) has been guided by economic rather than humanitarian principles. In addition, it is a membership organization rather than a UN agency, and is accountable neither to international law nor to any democratically elected body. As such, questions are raised concerning its ability to adequately direct the postconflict return of internally displaced persons (IDPs), refugees, migrants, and asylum seekers to their home countries. Criticisms about several IOM operations are reviewed, most notably about its lack of coordination with the Inter-Agency Internal Displacement Division (IAIDD). Issues relating to the IOM's adherence to human rights practices and refugee protection norms are also addressed.

Reviews Australia's willingness to offer asylum to refugees in the past as well as current efforts to curb undocumented immigration.

Displacement and exile have been recurrent and durable phenomena affecting Iraqi society for the last 90 years. The process of forming an Iraqi state from the ruins of the Ottoman empire, which Aristide Zolberg has analyzed as a prime factor generating refugee flows, has been ongoing since 1920. Unfinished endeavours to build a state and nation have been characterized by almost incessant antagonistic claims over the nature of the state and national identity, the exercise of and access to political power, control of natural resources and border sovereignty. Political repression, violent regime change, redefinition of national identity, demographic engineering, and domestic or international armed conflicts have resulted in eviction, deportation, denaturalization, political emigration, and flight from violence. A large part of displacement in Iraq has been internal. But vast numbers of refugees and exiles have also formed a regional and global diaspora extending from Iran, Jordan, Israel, Syria, all the way to such distant emigration countries as New Zealand. ; La société irakienne est aff ectée depuis 90 ans de façon continue et prégnante par des déplacements de population et l'exil. Depuis le démembrement de l'empire ottoman en 1920, un état irakien a continuellement tenté de se constituer, ce qui a été analysé et identifié par Aristide Zolberg comme étant la source principale des mouvements de réfugiés. Les efforts pour construire un état et une nation en Irak ont constamment été minés par des revendications contradictoires et des luttes portant sur les questions de la nature de l'état, de l'identité nationale, de l'exercice et de l'accessibilité du pouvoir politique, du contrôle des ressources naturelles et de la souveraineté des frontières. La répression politique, les changements violents de régimes, les redéfinitions de l'identité nationale, les politiques démographiques, et les conflits armés régionaux et internationaux ont entraîné des évictions, des déportations, la dénaturalisation, l'émigration ...