Suchergebnisse

Does planning in contested cities inadvertedly make the divisions worse? The 60s and 70s saw a strong role of planning, social engineering, etc but there has since been a move towards a more decentralised 'community planning' approach. The book examines urban planning and policy in the context of deeply contested space, where place identity and cultural affinities are reshaping cities. Throughout the world, contentions around identity and territory abound, and in Britain, this problem has found recent expression in debates about multiculturalism and social cohesion. These issues are mos.

Annotation Covering a range of North American and European cities, but focusing on Belfast's social, economic and political developments, this collection considers the role of long-term urban planning in the development of cities. The major cities of the West are characterised by division, uneven development and unequal distribution of jobs. In Belfast these general Western urban characteristics are extended and heightened by association with a long-standing political crisis and low-intensity conflict. Covering a range of North American and European cities, but focusing on Belfast's social, economic and political developments, this collection considers the role of long-term urban planning in the development of cities. The authors integrate global debates on urban development and summarise contemporary theories on cities and their future. An assortment of interventions and delivery mechanisms are considered, and among the key topics covered are urban economies and social exclusion; the planning of city regions; the sustainable city; urban regeneration; the role of culture in remaking cities; and the future governance of cities. By viewing the subject from a local perspective, as well as in an international context, the authors provide a stimulating critique which will guide policy makers, planners, students and others concerned with urban regeneration

In a global context of an emphasis on identity politics and a 'cultural turn' in social analysis, deep concern has been expressed about multiethnic Britain becoming a broken society with many 'sleepwalking' into segregation and separatism. Given the close correspondence between areas of acute ethnic segregation and those of multiple deprivation, intercommunal tensions have included disputes about the equitable allocation of scarce urban resources across ethnicity. This creates the possibility that urban programmes may inadvertently accentuate intercommunal tension and confound efforts to synchronise cohesion and inclusion agendas. Following recent debates about the implications of increased diversity, influenced by arguments that multiculturalism has encouraged 'parallel lives', an emergent policy framework emphasises more proactive integration to promote 'common belonging'. Criticism of this agenda includes its confusion between community and social cohesion, and its disproportionate focus on cultural aspects such as identity formation and recognition, relative to structural issues of income and class. In exploring this contested terrain in Britain, the article suggests that the longer-term debate about segregation, deprivation and community differentials in Northern Ireland can offer useful insight for Britain's policy discourse.

AbstractThis article explores the debate about contested space in urban policy and planning. Beginning with a review of key concepts and theories, it proceeds to identify models for understanding such spaces and for effective public intervention. It takes a case study of Belfast, on which there is substantial literature and data, to explore whether the recent history of this city can contribute to the debate about the role of urban planning and policy in contested space. Finally, it suggests that the Belfast experience indicates the need for a broader framework of intervention than is possible within a purely planning paradigm.

Explores the extent to which there has been a convergence in the distribution and characterization of poverty; some focus on public welfare and the underclass. Summary in French.

Historically, the ways in which poverty and welfare have been conceptualised in the US have substantially differed from the UK. This article explores the extent to which there has been a convergence in the distribution and characterisation of poverty in the 1980s in both. It reviews changing patterns of poverty, examines the theoretical debates and explores the manner in which the issue has been politicised. It concludes by arguing the case for convergence, qualified by the recognition that a common vocabulary has been deployed despite different nuances in each state.

The article examines the difficulties of developing strategies to counter severe urban deprivation in the context of Belfast. It first identifies the scale and components of urban decline, focusing on how it is unevenly experienced both spatially and by religious affiliation. Within this framework, it presents a critical appraisal of the main statutory programme designed to redress the major problems, Making Belfast Work. Finally, it suggests an alternative approach to regenerating the most deprived sections of Belfast.

Abstract: Northern Ireland is the only U.K. region in which there is the operation of an informal criminal justice system, based on the power of paramilitary organisations and in opposition to the statutory system. In particular, the I.R.A. partly in response to community demands and partly to realise a dual power strategy, punish those whom they regard as offenders by a variety of means. This process creates a set of contradictions for the formal criminal justice system, for the communities in which it occurs and for the paramilitaries. The article explores these issues via a case study of a community project in West Belfast designed to protect young people, who hijacked cars, from both the paramilitary and formal systems of criminal justice.

The periodic use of emergency legislation has been a historic characteristic of the Northern Ireland state. In the past twelve years there has been a marked escalation of the use of emergency powers in response to the political crisis and the continuing urban guerrilla war. In this article we explore some of the effects on social policy of the widespread, long-term use of emergency legislation in Northern Ireland. In particular we examine instances of the diffusion of emergency legislation where it becomes a 'normal' instrument of social policy and also the dilemmas generated for social policy professionals in terms of problematic relationships with the state. Finally we suggest that such developments in Northern Ireland provide new evidence to feed theoretical debates in social policy.