A new framework for policy evaluation: Targets, marine litter, Italy and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive
In: Marine policy, Band 117, S. 103956
ISSN: 0308-597X
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In: Marine policy, Band 117, S. 103956
ISSN: 0308-597X
In: Environmental science & policy, Band 78, S. 40-48
ISSN: 1462-9011
In: RECYCL-D-23-01364
SSRN
In: Morseletto , P , Biermann , F & Pattberg , P H 2017 , ' Governing by targets: reductio ad unum and evolution of the two-degree climate target ' , International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics , vol. 17 , no. 5 , pp. 655-676 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-016-9336-7
Targets are widely employed in environmental governance. In this paper, we investigate the construction of the 2 ?C climate target, one of the best known targets in global environmental governance. Our paper examines this target through a historical reconstruction that identifies four different phases: framing, consolidation and diffusion, adoption, and dis- embeddedness. Our analysis shows that, initially, the target was science-driven and predomi- nantlyEU-based; it then becameprogressively accepted at the international level, despite a lack of broader debate among governments on the policy implications and required measures for implementation.Once the2 ?Ctargetwas endorsedat the level of theUnitedNations, thenature of the targetchangedfrombeingpolicy-prescriptive tobeinglargelysymbolic. In thisphase, the target became a disembedded object in global governance not linked to a shared agenda nor to coordinated andmutually binding mitigation efforts. The 2015 Paris Agreement marks the last stage in this development andmay have further solidified the target as a disembedded object. In the final part of the paper, wesuggestways to overcome the current situation and to develop the 2 ?C target into a fully fledged global environmental governance target.
BASE
Targets are widely employed in environmental governance. In this paper, we investigate the construction of the 2 °C climate target, one of the best known targets in global environmental governance. Our paper examines this target through a historical reconstruction that identifies four different phases: framing, consolidation and diffusion, adoption, and disembeddedness. Our analysis shows that, initially, the target was science-driven and predominantly EU-based; it then became progressively accepted at the international level, despite a lack of broader debate among governments on the policy implications and required measures for implementation. Once the 2 °C target was endorsed at the level of the United Nations, the nature of the target changed from being policy-prescriptive to being largely symbolic. In this phase, the target became a disembedded object in global governance not linked to a shared agenda nor to coordinated and mutually binding mitigation efforts. The 2015 Paris Agreement marks the last stage in this development and may have further solidified the target as a disembedded object. In the final part of the paper, we suggest ways to overcome the current situation and to develop the 2 °C target into a fully fledged global environmental governance target.
BASE
In: International environmental agreements: politics, law and economics, Band 17, Heft 5, S. 655-676
ISSN: 1573-1553
In: Environmental science & policy, Band 149, S. 103574
ISSN: 1462-9011