Suchergebnisse

The purpose of the article is to reconstruct the child's place in the social universe of the Scythians. The basis for the study was a child burial from the Tovsta Mohyla mound as one of the few not robbed burials of steppe Scythia of the 4 th century BC. Meanwhile, the burial is regarded as a text (in the semiotic sense). The method developed by the author for reconstructing the semantics of images on the costume elements of the buried led to the conclusion that they reflect a complex of ideas about dominion over the midzone of the mythological universe. The article rebuilds the semiotic status of things that accompanied the buried which allowed us to conclude that the child in the Scythian society inherited the place in the social space belonging to his kin. The child's burial from the Tovsta Mohyla mound belonged to the Scythian "priest-king". The buried has not yet passed the initiation so the grave lacks things that are peculiar only to the male or female inventory. Prospect of further research is connected with the methodology development for reconstructing the semantics of the Scythian burial as a single complex.

This paper aims at the reconstruction of the Scythians' ideas of the classification of animals which embodied the structure of the mythological Universe. The research is based on the analysis of the decoration of the Ilyichevo quiver as a unique artefact featuring the scene of torturing by predators of three biological genera: a bird, an animal, and a reptile. The study of the sources supplying information on the ancient Iranians' zoological classifications and the analysis of a zoological, anatomical, subject, and material codes for reconstruction allow the author to reveal the background of the Scythian classification of the mythological animal world. The latter comprised: the habitat corresponding to the specific zone of the mythological Universe; the way of movement; and the characteristic of nutrition. This paper offers a reconstruction of the semiotic status of the quiver/gorytos against the background of the analysis of the Scythian art and written sources. The conclusion is that the Scythians got notions of funerary feast as the embodiment of the cosmic body divided into three parts; the paper clarifies the already existing ideas about the semantics of the zoomorphic images in the Scythian art.

The article is devoted to analyzing the essence and role of technology in modern society. In the context of studying the essence of technology, the author turns to the study of the role of scientism, considering the development of technology as part of the dominant attitude of modern society towards scientism. The author concludes that scientism, while having obvious advantages, has a number of disadvantages. Notably, it excludes a philosophical approach to the study of technology, which, from the author's point of view, should be based solely on socio-anthropological grounds. These grounds include the humanitarian examination of modern technologies and the risks associated with their use, as well as the evaluation of science and technology from a value-based approach. In this regard, the author addresses the specifics of the philosophical understanding of technology, which is impossible without a humanitarian expertise of the methodology of technology development, as well as philosophical reflection against the background of possible global risks associated with its use.

The new book by Margarita V. Ageeva presents the family correspondence of the Ufa mayor A.A. Malleev and studies his biography. The epistolary finding and the specific historical context of the story introduce different aspects of the history of urban administration and the everyday life of the provincial nobility in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The book has become an original contribution to regional historiography, and its author has revised some of the conclusions of his predecessors, based on a metahistorical narrative. Information about the origin and genealogical relations of the family surname sheds light on the formation of the official elite in the eastern provinces as a result of the industrial development of the region in the 18th century and the reforms of local government and the court system in the post-reform period. The epistolary material recreates a portrait of personal qualities of the modernizers and testifies to the formation of new personnel in the provinces – the carriers of a genuine democratic culture. The author analyzes the influence of ethical views of officials on managerial decision-making as a central problem poorly developed in institutional history. The author traced it on the example of the events of the 1905 revolutionary crisis in Ufa. The discourse of private correspondence contains a lot of valuable evidence on the family life of the Malleevs, their religious identity and methods of raising children, on cultural and everyday life of the urban elite of a provincial town. The style and spelling of the letters, as well as the turns of phrase and the accepted spelling of certain words at that time, have remained unchanged, which increases the value of the source. The literal capture of the smallest details of everyday history make the book a practical tool for museum workers, fashion historians and other professionals.

One of the features of modern philosophy is the revival of interest in clas­sical metaphysical problems (the nature of the mental, free will, time) and their active discussion. However, the state of affairs in modern metaphysics is rather ambiguous. While some researchers try to solve metaphysical problems within a certain tradition, others seek alternative ways, and others deny the very possibility of metaphysics as a positive knowledge, or at least to focus on discussing the question of its methods and actual possibilities. Strictly speaking, taking into account the difficulties that the thesis about the possibility of obtaining knowledge about objective reality has faced over the past centuries, there is nothing fundamentally new in this state of affairs. There are still two main questions that remain relevant, without an answer to which it is impos­sible to say that the solution to any metaphysical problem is coherent. Is metaphysics even possible as a positive knowledge of reality? If possible, how? The author be­lieves that the arguments from the side of transcendentalism against naturalism are quite effective, and it is necessary to abandon the search for solutions to metaphysi­cal problems that are compatible with naturalism. But this does not mean that meta­physical problems cannot be solved at all. According to the author, the perspectives of metaphysics can be associated with the search for other points of reference than those that are usually used in modern discussions. As such, we can take the idea of the objectivity of time, which is of crucial importance in modern metaphysics.

Introduction. Terminological work, both in the world and in Russian science, was carried out, first of all, on the material of exact and technical disciplines. Arrangement of terminology of humanitarian knowledge has been in the focus of attention of researchers only in recent years. Thus, the aim of the work is to study the terminological system of historical knowledge by means of parametric analysis of the little-known course by V.O. Klyuchevsky "Terminology of Russian History", which was first published in 1956 and practically was not studied by either historians or linguists, and this substantiates the novelty of the present work. Materials and Methods. The material of this course, studied with the help of historical-comparative, historical-typological, as well as general scientific methods such as analysis and synthesis, using parametric analysis and positional statistics, showed that the terminology proposed by V.O. Kluchevsky has a systemic nature and its structure is hierarchical. Nine parameters – archaeological, geographical, terminological, illustrative, source study, classification, chronological, economic, etymological – were singled out in the work. A conditional notion of the place of each parameter in the so-called "dictionary article", which is determined by the boundary of the two parameters, was introduced. The notion of a "dictionary article" as applied to the course materials is conditional, since the course is not a dictionary proper. Analysis. Using statistical methods, the frequency of occurrence of each parameter in a certain place in each of the three parts of the course is identified. Statistical tables are formed, which make it possible to see the similarity and difference between the three parts of the course and to point out their features. This article traces not only the scientist's fluency in ancient and modern languages, including rare ones, but also the ability to use linguistic techniques, such as historical-etymological and word-formation analysis, on the material of the "Terminology of Russian History." Results. The semantic invariant in the construction of the parts of the course has been revealed. This is an additional evidence of the systematic nature of the historical terminology, which was suggested by V.O. Klyuchevsky. The hierarchical nature of the system of terms, created in the course by V.O. Klyuchevsky, has been determined. Contribution of the authors. Mustafa Ozturk developed the concept of the article, wrote the "Introduction" and "Results" sections. Y.G. Kokorina conducted parametric and statistical analysis, wrote the "Analysis" section, participated together with M.M. Vagabov in writing the "Materials and Methods" section, carried out the scientific editing of the entire text of the work. M.M. Vagabov wrote the "Discussion" section and, together with Y.G. Kokorina, the "Materials and Methods" section.

This article comprehensively examines and analyzes the historical and cultural context of the transformation of a formerly consumer society into a society of impressions ("a society of experiences"), analyzed from J. Baudrillard and G. Debord to G. Schulze, whose work of the same name made a significant contribution to the process of understanding the causes of change in the attitudes of consumer behavior recorded over the past decades. Developed by G. Schulze, the social concept of "consumption of experiences" of members of modern society is studied from the point of view of the growing crisis of the previous models of mass consumption, which are increasingly ceasing to meet the requirements of modernity. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the features of further development of all these ideas in the form of the emerging counter-culture of anti-consumerism, criticism of overconsumption and a number of psychologizing approaches to the study and search for solutions to the problems of the emerging "emotional economy" in its application to the broader concept of "emotional capitalism" in that form as it is presented in a number of works of domestic and foreign authors.

Currently, new trends in social sciences have emerged, such as eirenology, paxilology and "anthropology of war". The role of weapons in rituals associated with peace negotiations is a significant part of semiotic weapon status. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of Scythian weapon ornamentation that can be described as a system of symbols. By analyzing a proprietary database of Scythian weapon ornamentation dating back to the 7th—4th centuries BC, the authors examined the phenomenon of the presence of various artistic traditions, including Scythian, Assyro-Urartian, Greek, Scythian-Greek, Scythian-Greek-Persian and Persian traditions, which could only exist at the time of peace. The ornamentation of Scythian weapons was considered as a system consisting of subsystems, and a standardized description was created. It was revealed that according to Scythian tradition, the adornments were applied directly to the weapon or its structural element (figurate shape), while in foreign or mixed traditions, it was added to overlays. The Scythians took into account the placement of an item on the warrior's body, while weapon masters of foreign cultures treated an item as a canvas. It was observed that zoomorphic images such as birds of prey, bovids, felines, canines, hares and rams were frequently used in the ornamentation, and statistical patterns of zoomorphic images were the same in both mixed traditions and in the Scythian one. The material used in ornamentation and the narrative were important to Scythians.