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AbstractWhile all three WDR 2000/01 themes — opportunity, empowerment and security — are deemed to be of equal importance, security is probably the most strategic instrument for targeted poverty reduction. This paper critically discusses the two innovative frameworks introduced in the report: the twofold typology of risk and vulnerability, and the risk management framework. In so doing it highlights the lack of new instruments to strengthen informal risk reduction, that require participatory approaches, and locally defined tools, to ensure that 'the voices of the poor' move beyond complaints to commitments. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

SUMMARY The form of women's participation in casual work and its implications in terms of their subordination is determined by a complex inter‐relationship of economic and non‐economic (specifically ideological) factors. This paper uses a case study from Guayaquil, Ecuador, to examine the function and importance of women's work in the survival strategies of low‐income households, in a situation where the majority of men are excluded from secure 'formal' wage‐sector employment.RESUME Survivre dans les 'Suburbios'Le mode de participation des femmes au travail occasionnel et ses conséquences en termes de subordination sont déterminés par un réseau complexe de facteurs économiques et non économiques (spécifiquement idéologiques). Cet article part d'une étude de cas sur Guayaquil (Equateur) pour examiner la fonction et l'importance du travail féminin dans les stratégies de survie des ménages à faibles revenus, dans une situation où la majorité des hommes sont exclus de l'emploi 'formel' présentant une certaine sécurité.RESUMEN La supervivencia en los suburbiosLa forma de participación de las mujeres en el trabajo fortuito y sus repercusiones en relación con su subordinación depende de una compleja relación reciproca de factores económicos y no económicos (concretamente, los ideológicos). En este articulo se recurre a un estudio de un caso procedente de Guayaquil, Ecuador, para examinar la función y la importancia del trabajo de las mujeres en las estrategias de supervivencia de los hogares de bajos ingresos, en una situación donde la mayoría de los hombres están excluidos de empleo seguro en el sector "oficial" asalariado.

Fifty years after Oscar Lewis's famous depiction of five Mexican families caught in a "culture of poverty," Caroline Moser tells a very different story of five neighborhood women and their families strategically accumulating assets to escape poverty in the Ecuadoran city of Guayaquil. In Ordinary Families, Extraordinary Lives, Moser shows how a more sophisticated understanding of the complexities of asset accumulation as well as poverty itself can help counter inaccurate stereotypes about global poverty. It provides invaluable insight into strategies that may help people in developing countries improve their wellbeing. The similar socioeconomic characteristics and economic circumstances of the Guayaquil families in 1978, when Moser began her research, set the stage for a natural experiment. By 2004, these circumstances varied widely. Moser captures the causes and consequences of these developments through economic data, anthropological narrative, and personal photos. She then places this compelling story within the broader context of political, economic, and spatial changes in Guayaquil and Ecuador. Moser describes how households in a Third World urban slum relentlessly and systematically fought to accumulate human, social, and financial capital assets. Her longitudinal account of their odyssey captures long-term trends and changes in perception that are missed in snapshot assessments. Chapters in this holistic story cover diverse issues such as housing and infrastructure, community mobilization and political negotiation, employment, family dynamics, violence, and emigration.