Suchergebnisse

Grapevine cultivar and clone genotype is an important factor in the phenolic composition of wine. In this study, a new intense dark black berry color variant of Tempranillo, known as Tempranillo negro or VN21, is described. A targeted chromatographic approach based on UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS was used to study the anthocyanins and noncolored phenols of the grape berry (skin and seeds) and wine. RJ43, one of the most cultivated clones in D.O.Ca. Rioja (Spain), was analyzed for comparison. Results suggest that the unique color of the grape skin in Tempranillo negro could be explained by higher concentrations of peonidin and cyanidin derivatives. This genotype accumulated anthocyanins in the seeds. Those differences in the berry were enhanced in the VN21 wines, which displayed notably higher concentrations of anthocyanins, and significantly increased contents of proanthocyanidins and stilbenes. This study exemplifies the application of phenol chromatographic analyses of spontaneous somatic variants to grapevine clonal selection. ; This study was financially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (co-funded by the European Social Fund, European Union) through the grant project BIO2017-86375-R; YF was supported by a grant from the Government of La Rioja; M.J. Motilva thanks the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC for partial funding through the "Ayudas incorporación a escalas científicas CSIC, 2018" (Reference 201870I129).

complications and disease such as sepsis and death, whereas, the role of food bioactive molecules (i. e. phenolic compounds (PCs) on the intestinal barrier, is still unknown. The current aim was to explore the benefits of the oral PC administration on the intestinal barrier integrity in animals. Methods: The effects of PCs on the intestinal barrier integrity in in vivo animal models of intestinal inflammation were assessed up-to August 2020 from the PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library databases under the PRISMA methodology. The risk of bias was assessed from ARRAY and SCYRCLE tools. Results: From 1241 articles, 14 studies were included. In animals, oral resveratrol (n ¿ 6) improves the intestinal barrier integrity and reduces intestinal damage. Additionally, grape seed extract (n ¿ 2), curcumin (n ¿ 1), genistein (n ¿ 1), chlorogenic acid (n ¿ 1), grape pomace (n ¿ 1), olive leaf (n ¿ 1) or cranberry extract (n ¿ 1) improve the intestinal barrier integrity downregulating various inflammatory molecules (TNF-a, and other interleukins), and increasing the antioxidant enzymes in animals. Furthermore, resveratrol, quercetin, epigallocatechin, and other PCs improve the epithelial barrier integrity and pro-inflammatory molecule expression in the intestinal epithelia. Conclusions: The oral PC administration in animals improves the intestinal barrier integrity and function from three main mechanisms: 1) The reduction of pro-inflammatory molecules, 2) the improvement in tight-junction protein expression, and 3) the improvement of the antioxidant intracellular activity suggesting the potential use of PCs in the management of intestinal injury in humans, particularly for resveratrol, the most studied PC. ; The AppleCOR Project (Subproject AGL2016-76943-C2-2-R and Subproject AGL2016-76943-C2-1-R) has been possible with the support of Ministerio de Economía, Indústria y Competitividad, the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); NFOC-Salut group is a consolidated research group of Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain (2017 SGR 522). S-R. BA. has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 713679. This journal article has been possible with the support of the Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) and the Fundacio Catalunya-La Pedrera (FCLP) (Reference number: 2017MFP-COFUND-30). Ú-C has a Pla estrategic de recerca i innovacio en salut (PERIS) post-doctoral grant (SLT002/16/00239; Catalunya, Spain) from Generalitat de Catalunya. M.J. Motilva thanks to Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC for partial funding through the "Ayudas incorporacion a escalas cien- tíficas CSIC, 2018" (Reference 201870I129).

Olive oil (OO) phenolic compounds (PC) are able to influence gut microbial populations and metabolic output. Our aim was to investigate whether these compounds and changes affect the mucosal immune system. In a randomized, controlled, double blind cross-over human trial, for three weeks, preceded by two-week washout periods, 10 hypercholesterolemic participants ingested 25 mL/day of three raw virgin OO differing in their PC concentration and origin: (1) an OO containing 80 mg PC/kg (VOO); (2) a PC-enriched OO containing 500 mg PC/kg from OO (FVOO); and (3) a PC-enriched OO containing a mixture of 500 mg PC/kg from OO and thyme (1:1, FVOOT). Intestinal immunity (fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA-coated bacteria) and inflammation markers (C-reactive protein (CRP) and fecal interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and calprotectin) was analyzed. The ingestion of high amounts of OO PC, as contained in FVOO, tended to increase the proportions of IgA-coated bacteria and increased plasma levels of CRP. However, lower amounts of OO PC (VOO) and the combination of two PC sources (FVOOT) did not show significant effects on the variables investigated. Results indicate a potential stimulation of the immune system with very high doses of OO PC, which should be further investigated. ; S.M.-P. was supported by an advanced postdoctoral contract of the ISCIII (Sara Borrell, CD10/00224). O.C. was supported by a research contract of the ISCIII (Juan Rodes, JR14/00008). M.F. was supported by a joint contract of the ISCIII and Health Department of the Catalan Government (Generalitat de Catalunya) (CP 06/00100). The project was also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitveness (MINECO; AGL2009-13517-C03-01, AGL2009-13517-C03-02, AGL2009-13517-C03-03), and by grants from ISCIII FEDER (CB06/03/0028), and AGAUR (2014SGR240)

Diets rich in (poly)phenols are associated with a reduced reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular disorders. While the absorption and metabolism of (poly)phenols has been described, it is not clear how their metabolic fate is affected under pathological conditions. This study evaluated the metabolic fate of berry (poly)phenols in an in vivo model of hypertension as well as the associated microbiota response. Dahl salt-sensitive rats were fed either a low-salt diet (0.26% NaCl) or a high-salt diet (8% NaCl), with or without a berry mixture (blueberries, blackberries, raspberries, Portuguese crowberry and strawberry tree fruit) for 9 weeks. The saltenriched diet promoted an increase in the urinary excretion of berry (poly)phenol metabolites, while the abundance of these metabolites decreased in faeces, as revealed by UPLC¿MS/MS. Moreover, salt and berries modulated gut microbiota composition as demonstrated by 16S rRNA analysis. Some changes in the microbiota composition were associated with the high-salt diet and revealed an expansion of the families Proteobacteria and Erysipelotrichaceae. However, this effect was mitigated by the dietary supplementation with berries. Alterations in the metabolic fate of (poly)phenols occur in parallel with the modulation of gut microbiota in hypertensive rats. Thus, beneficial effects of (poly)phenols could be related with these interlinked modifications, between metabolites and microbiota environments. ; C.B., C.N.d.S., C.O. were funded by ANR (ANR-13-ISV1-0001-01) and FCT (FCTANR/BEX-BCM/0001/2013). D.B. was funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF P26127-B20) and European Research Council (Starting Grant: FunKeyGut 741623). D.S. and A.F. acknowledge support from Scottish Government: Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services. We also acknowledge the Investment for the Future program ANR-11-IDEX-0003-01 within the LABEX ANR-10-LABX-0033 (C.B., C.O.), Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia financial support of A.G. (SFRH/BD/103155/2014) and C.N.d.S. (IF/01097/2013). iNOVA4Health Research Unit (LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007344), which is cofounded by FCT through national funds, and by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement, is acknowledged.