Suchergebnisse

Acknowledgment -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Table of Cases -- Table of Legislation -- I Introduction -- II A Disability-Sensitive Interpretation of the Refugee Definition -- A Introduction -- B The Nature of the Refugee Definition and Its Interpretation -- 1 The Flexibility of the Refugee Definition -- 2 Competent Authorities for the Interpretation of the Refugee Convention -- 3 Static and Evolutionary Approach to Interpretation -- C Interpretation of the Refugee Definition According to the VCLT -- 1 Applicability of the VCLT (Art. 4 VCLT) -- 2 One Rule of Interpretation and Good Faith (Art. 31(1) VCLT) -- 3 Ordinary Meaning (Art. 31(1) VCLT) -- 4 Context (Art. 31(1) VCLT) -- 5 Object and Purpose (Art. 31(1) VCLT) -- 6 Contemporaneous Context (Art. 31(2) VCLT) -- 7 Subsequent Agreement (Art. 31(3)(a) VCLT) -- 8 Subsequent Practice (Art. 31(3)(b) VCLT) -- 9 Relevant Rules of International Law Applicable between the Parties (Art. 31(3)(c) VCLT) -- 10emsp; Supplementary Means of Interpretation (Art. 32 VCLT) -- 11emsp; Treaty Authenticated in Two or More Languages (Art. 33 VCLT) -- 12emsp; Conclusion -- D An Evolutionary and Human Rights Approach to the Refugee Definition -- 1 An Evolutionary Interpretation of the Refugee Convention -- 2 The Human Rights Approach to the Refugee Definition -- 3 The Relevance of the CRPD under the Human Rights Approach -- III 'Being Persecuted': Serious Harm -- A Introduction -- B Disability-Specific Forms of Serious Harm -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Extrajudicial Killings and Ritual Murders -- 3 Forced Institutionalisation and Forced Treatment -- 4 Threats to the Physical and Moral Integrity and Security -- 5 Denial of Medical Treatment and Health Care -- 6 Denial of Work, an Adequate Standard of Living and Accessibility -- 7 Denial of Inclusive Education -- 8 Situations of War -- 9 Denial of Legal Capacity -- 10 Conclusion -- C Disability-Specific Approach to Serious Harm in light of the VCLT -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Interpretation According to Art. 31 VCLT and Art. 32 VCLT (Drafting History) -- 3 The Relevance of Human Rights to Persecution: Different Theories of the Human Rights Approach -- 4 Interpretation According to Art. 32 VCLT (unhcr Practice and State Practice) -- 5 Interpretation According to Art. 32 VCLT (International Human Rights Standards) -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Extrajudicial Killings and Ritual Murders -- 5.3 Forced Institutionalisation and Forced Treatment -- 5.4 Threats to the Physical and Moral Integrity and Security -- 5.5 Right to Health Care and Medical Treatment -- 5.6 Right to Work and to an Adequate Standard of Living and Accessibility -- 5.7 Right to Inclusive Education and Children's Rights -- 5.8 Situations of War -- 5.9 Denials of Legal Capacity -- 6 Conclusion -- D Conclusion on Serious Harm -- IV Failure of State Protection -- A Introduction -- B The Level of State Protection -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Level of State Protection in Cases with Disabilities -- 3 The Level of State Protection and a Disability-Specific Approach -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Interpretation According to Arts. 31 and 32 VCLT (Drafting History) -- 3.3 Interpretation According to Art. 32 VCLT (unhcr Practice and State Practice) -- 3.4 Interpretation According to Art. 32 VCLT (International Human Rights Law) -- 3.5 Conclusion on Disability-Specific Interpretation -- 4 Conclusion on Sufficiency of State Protection -- C Internal Protection Alternative -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Reasonableness of an Internal Protection Alternative for Persons with Disabilities -- 3 Conclusion on Internal Protection Alternative -- D Conclusion on the Level of State Protection -- V Causal Nexus - 'for Reasons of' -- A Introduction -- B Causal Nexus and Persecutory Intent -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Persecutory Intent Approach in Cases with Disabilities -- 3 Persecutory Intent and a Disability-Specific Approach -- 4 Conclusion on Persecutory Intent -- C Causal Nexus, Persecutory Effect and Omissions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Bifurcated Approach -- 3 Inability to Fulfil, Omissions and Discriminatory Effect in Cases of Persons with Disabilities -- 4 Inability to Fulfil, Omissions, Discriminatory Effect and a Disability-Specific Approach -- 5 Conclusion on Omissions and Discriminatory Effect -- D Mixed Causes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Mixed Causes in Cases of Persons with Disabilities -- 3 Mixed Causes and a Disability-Specific Approach -- 4 Conclusion on Mixed Causes -- E Conclusion on Causal Link -- VI Convention Ground 'Particular Social Group' -- A Introduction -- B Persons with Disabilities and Membership of a 'Particular Social Group' -- 1 Introduction -- 2 'Particular Social Group' in Cases with Disabilities -- 3 'Particular Social Group' and a Disability-Specific Approach -- C Conclusion on Persons with Disabilities as a 'Particular Social Group' -- VII Conclusion -- A Summary -- B Outlook -- Bibliography -- Index.