Suchergebnisse

Dari analisis data Susenas 1993 ditemukan bahwa angka partisipasi sekolah di Jawa dan Bali untuk penduduk usia 16-18 tahun adalah sekitar 40 persen, namun variasinya cukup berarti bila memperhatikan perbedaaan antarpropinsi dan perbedaan desa-kota. Dengan asumsi bahwa biaya sekolah lanjutan tidak murah, penulis berhipotesis bahwa latar belakang sosial ekonomi dan variasi antar daerah, terutama school availability, adalah variabel-variabel yang dapat menjelaskan tingkat partisipasisekolah tersebut. Guna membuktikannyadan mendapatkan model yang memadai,penulis menggunakan probit model sebagai teknik analisis. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa variabel desa-kota memiliki peranan yang paling berarti, sementara status sosial ekonomi secara keseluruhan juga tidak bisa diabaikan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut saran yang diajukan antara lain adalah perlunya perhatian terhadap masalah variasi antar wilayah dalam halpembangunan di bidang pendidikan.

Although there is a large literature on social capital, empirical estimates of the effect of social capital may be biased because of social homophily, the tendency of similar people to become friends with each other. Despite the methodological difficulties, a recent literature has emerged across several different disciplines that tries to estimate the causal effect of social capital. This paper reviews this recent empirical literature on social capital, paying close attention to the statistical and theoretical assumptions involved. Overall, there is evidence that genuine progress has been made in estimating the effect of social capital. The reviewed articles should provide useful examples for future research.

Intragenerational mobility—persistent or secular upward or downward changes in individuals' economic positions or occupational standing over their working lives—is intimately related both to intergenerational mobility and inequality as well as to labor market theories and behaviors. Careers are job sequences or patterns of mobility/immobility within and between occupations and organizations, the two major work structures that shape the opportunities available in the labor market. This article reviews research that links occupations and organizations to careers and intragenerational mobility. We emphasize the multidisciplinary nature of contributions to this topic and focus on integrating research by sociologists and economists. We also highlight cross-national research and emphasize the literatures that address questions related to social stratification and labor markets. Finally, we suggest fruitful areas for future research.

AbstractFamily separation due to international migration is an emotional hardship endured by millions in both origin and destination countries. In spite of substantial barriers impeding reunification, families often continue to centre their lives emotionally around their loved ones. Yet they also rely on proximate and cross‐border network ties for support. Social networks impact the ways in which families experience separation, but studies about transnational families have been slow to incorporate social network data. We address this gap by examining family separation within the context of a binational social network. Our findings suggest that both local and transnational social networks affect the experience of family separation for individuals in the countries of origin and destination. Moreover, our findings demonstrate the complexities associated with return migration, as this movement often initiates a new familial separation.