Suchergebnisse

Traffic accidents constitute the fifth leading cause of death in Chile. This study measures attitudes toward 12 violation behaviors and compares causal attributions of accidents by participants versus experts. A survey containing 41 items was administered to 216 different drivers and pedestrians in the city of Santiago, assessing a judgment of seriousness for a group of violation behaviors and asking about accident causes. An analysis of variance for the index of seriousness according to sex, age, and type of driver resulted in significance ( F = 2.463, p < .014), indicating differences in judgments produced by men and women, young and adult people, and different types of drivers. Women showed a higher level of response to the index of seriousness than men; the same was obtained for pedestrians, who scored higher than drivers. Participants considered that driving under the effects of alcohol and excessive speed were the most important causes of accidents, which was opposite to the causes indicated by experts.

La inmigración se ha multiplicado casi por seis en los últimos treinta años en Chile; sin embargo, es escaso el conocimiento sobre sus estrategias de adaptación cultural, discriminación percibida y bienestar, tres dimensiones que en este artículo se miden en una ciudad intermedia (Talca, Chile), recurriendo a una muestra no probabilística de migrantes sudamericanos compuesta por 255 adultos emparejados por género, que en su mayoría son venezolanos, de alto nivel educativo, biculturales (92.4%), y con un índice de bienestar alto (M=8.56 sobre 10, DE=1.21). Los resultados indican que 41.1% percibe alta discriminación, y que existe una relación negativa significativa entre la discriminación percibida y la tendencia al biculturalismo y el bienestar.

Abstract. This study extends the literature on people's understanding of happiness by asking whether positive and negative events could affect the causal attributions of what makes others happy. Using a factorial survey applied to a representative and probabilistic sample of Chileans, we examined three central causal attributions deeply rooted in Latin American folk culture. The results show that the positive family causal attribution of others' happiness is reinforced by both negative and positive events that happened to the observer. Moreover, the attributions of health and income are unchanged. Finally, we discussed how this study contributes to understanding people's causal attributions by examining how they are modified by critical events that affect the observer.

En el año 2008 la Constitución de la República del Ecuador (CRE) incorporó dentro de su nueva Carta Magna el principio del Buen Vivir o Sumak Kawsay, palabra quechua proveniente de la cosmovisión indígena. Este importante logro no fue un hecho aislado, pues corresponde a un largo proceso sociohistórico de reivindicación social que logra ser en la actualidad uno de los movimientos más representativos y reconocidos del país. En este artículo se analiza la fortaleza de dicho movimiento con base en las teorías de los movimientos sociales pertenecientes a la psicología social, encontrando factores importantes dentro del desarrollo de su historia, del proceso que llevó a la utilización del concepto Sumak Kawsay y de su inclusión en la actual Constitución ecuatoriana. Por último, se analizan los aspectos que conforman la fortaleza del movimiento indígena ecuatoriano siguiendo algunos preceptos teóricos fundamentales.

AbstractAlthough different social crises may eventually favor undemocratic and authoritarian forms of governance, at some point, such antidemocratic practices require the support of a significant part of the population to be implemented. The present research investigates how and whether the COVID‐19 pandemic might have favoured greater support for antidemocratic governmental practices, on the premise of regaining control and security. Using data from 17 countries (N = 4364) and national‐level indicators (i.e., real number of contagions and deaths, and sociopolitical indicators), we test how the risk of contagion and death from COVID‐19, along with personal orientations (i.e., social dominance orientation [SDO], right‐wing authoritarianism [RWA], and perceived anomie) motivate authoritarian and antidemocratic practices. Results from multilevel models indicate that risk perception and perceptions of political instability predict a wish for stronger leadership, agreement with martial law, and support for a controlling government especially when SDO and RWA are high, while more egalitarian and less conservative people agree less with these authoritarian measures in spite of the levels of risk perception. We discuss the implications for these findings for future research on similar but also dissimilar external events (natural disasters, war, or terror incidents) and the consequences for societies with higher authoritarian tendencies.