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Aims: This study compares organizational traits of specialized units as compared to those traits in general wards of Jordanian hospitals. Methods: A comparative research design using a survey method was used to conduct the study. The Revised Nursing Work Index (NWI-R) 1 was used to collect data. A convenience sample of 263 Registered Nurses was recruited from 12 units and nine wards located in nine teaching, governmental, and private hospitals in Jordan; the total response rate was 53%. Findings: Wards were better than units in some organizational traits: having a supervisory staff that is supportive for nurses, having enough Registered Nurses (RNs) to provide quality patient care, working with a nurse manager who is considered as a good leader/manager, working with specialized nurses who provide patient care consultations, and having written and up-to-date nursing care plans for all patients. Conclusions: In all clinical settings in general and in units in particular, positive organizational traits should be established and maintained; these are essential milestones that contribute to positive nurse, patient, and organizational outcomes. Units in particular are in need to establish positive organizational traits, especially using supportive leadership styles, hiring adequate and specialized staff, and promoting staff's autonomy.

Predictive genetic testing for children is charged with controversy since development of the bacterial inhibition to test phenylketonuria by Robert Guthrie in 1960s. Hereditary cancer accounts approximately 5% to 10% of all cancer. Predictive genetic testing to detect cancer risk for children in advance is surrounding with many problems and debates. Through review the opponents and proponents of researchers about this debatable issue, the purpose of this position statement is to argue and support predictive genetic testing for children in order to prevention, early detection, and management of cancer. Predictive genetic test for children to detect hereditary cancer is a very important aspect for primary health care centers that focus on prevention of diseases rather than treatment. Based on this review paper, more need to be done in the areas of health care procedures legislations, disease prevention and community awareness when it comes to fighting cancer disease through any type of these pre-symptomatic procedures like predictive genetic testing for children.

Aims: This study aims at comparing hospitals' organizational traits and nurses and hospitals' characteristics between teaching, governmental, and private hospitals in Jordan, as perceived by Registered Nurses (RNs). Methods: The Revised Nursing Work Index (NWI-R) 1 was used to collect data from a convenience sample of 295 nurses who were employed in two teaching hospitals, four governmental hospitals, and three private hospitals. The total response rate of the current study was 59%. Findings: Significant differences were reported between the three types of hospitals in the following nurses and hospitals' characteristics: shift worked, level of education, ages, average daily census, organizational structures, models of nursing care, decision-making styles, and areas of work. Based on means of the subscales, nurses' autonomy and their control over practice settings were the highest in teaching hospitals but the lowest in private hospitals. The strongest nurse-physician relationships were in governmental hospitals but the weakest were in teaching hospitals. Organizational support for nurses was the highest in teaching hospitals but it was the lowest in private hospitals. Based on the individual items of the scale, F-tests revealed that there were significant differences between the three types of hospitals in some organizational traits. Conclusions: There should be useful managerial tools that help in developing positive organizational traits such as improving nurses' autonomy and nurses' control over practice, enhancing nurse-physician relationships, and enhancing organizational support for nurses. These are considered important traits to produce positive outcomes for nurses, patients, and organizations.

Background and Aims: The incidence of medication errors is growing and resulting in serious patients' consequences such as hospitalization and death. Worldwide, there is a proliferation of studies about medication errors; however, such studies are absent in Jordan. This is the first nursing study about medication errors in Jordan, and this is one of few international comparative studies about the studied concepts. This study described medication errors in Jordan, as perceived by nurses. Methods: A survey method was used to collect data using the Modified Gladstone's Scale of Medication Errors. A convenient sample of 799 nurses was obtained from three types of hospitals at the Capital Amman and the northern part of Jordan. Findings: Medication errors were high in governmental hospitals as compared to those in teaching hospitals. No differences were found across hospitals in regard to the rate of medication errors. In all hospitals, underreporting was evident; however, nurses in private hospitals seemed to underreport medication errors more than nurses in teaching and governmental hospitals. Nurses in wards were at higher risks to commit medication errors more than nurses in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). There were no differences between nurses in ICUs and those in wards in term of the rate of medication errors. In general, nurses were usually sure when to report medication errors using incident reports; however, ICU nurses were slightly higher than ward nurses in this aspect. Conclusions: High rates of medication errors should encourage the reformation process of health care systems. Recognizing medication errors is the first step to reduce, report, and even eliminate them, especially in acute care settings. Findings pinpoint that nurses have to have staff development about various issues related to medication errors, particularly defining and reporting these errors.