Suchergebnisse

Aim of this study is to provide the information to the bankers, government authorities, employees and the investor of the financial institutions about the impact of the merger on the performance of the banks. For this purpose, financial ratios such as the liquidity ratio, loan to deposit ratios are measured to see the short term paying capacity of the banks. Investment ratio such as earning asset to total asset ratio; solvency ratio such as "deposit time capital"; equity capital to total asset, profitability ratios include the interest margin to earning asset are used to analyze the impact of merger and on bank performance. By using ratio analysis, the study concludes if the merger and have a positive relationship with merger.

In recent decades, the worldwide consecutive catastrophes in the financial markets emphasize the accelerating prominence of investors' sentiment on the financial market. Therefore, within academia, a shift from conventional finance to behavioral finance can be noticed and the most eminent topic of interest is the exploration of herding behavior. Inspired by the ongoing altercation on the magnitude and presence of herding in the stock markets, the present study aspires to explore the Pakistan stock market concerning herding behaviour. Investors' industry-wise market-based herding behavior in the Pakistan stock market has been examined by employing daily data obtained from Bloomberg starting from January 2000 to April 2016. Cross-sectional variabilities in the factor sensitivities (Beta) have been employed to estimate investors' sentimental herding behavior, following the model of Hwang and Salmon (2004). The study found herding to be significant and persistent, independent from market fundamentals, like levels of market returns and volatility of returns. Findings also show that investors do herd considering the industrial classification of financial assets; hence it leads to mispricing of stocks. The study also presents industry differences in herding. Sugar and banking sectors are found to be more prone to herding while textile and manufacturing sectors are found less prone to herding. The results entail cogent implications for the investors pursuing diversification in the Pakistan stock market.

The Syrian war is rooted in the conflict between the Sunni opposition and Shia leader President Bashar, torn the country. The Syrian war took baby steps during the Arab Spring, which was supposed to bring hope and prosperity to Syria but unfortunately led to a series of horrifying protests that grew into a 9-year long civil war. The war-torn country has forced millions to escape the horrors of continuous fighting only to seek refuge in other countries with bare minimum resources. Multiple efforts by the International Organizations (I.Os) to halt the conflict between President Bashar and the opposition have repeatedly failed, and apparently, there is no hope for a peaceful solution. This paper aims to explain the Syrian war and break down the reason behind each ally's support to the chosen party and understand the Syrian conflict through the lens of Realism. The realist theory will shed some light on the root cause of international intervention by world powers and regional powers and how each actor's actions prolonged the conflict in Syria. And finally, to understand how domestic and international politics was used to carry out heinous crimes against innocent Syrian men, women, and children and analyze the strategies of actors to gain power in the region.

Today, technological advancement has largely altered human existence and has turned this globe more interdependent. In this development, means of communication play a substantial role in promoting peace, harmony, and interaction among multi-cultural societies and discouraging notions of conflict and animosity. Communication is the carrier of culture; it is the key of any relationship, be it interpersonal or intrapersonal. Without communication, no dialogue is possible. Social media, being the cheapest source of communication, is considered only a reliable and effective way of universal interaction, which is tremendous for a peaceful global relation. Social media, along with its approaches, has helped prevent conflict and has helped link people with the world. It breaks the communication barriers and opens opportunities for a peaceful international connection. Its proliferation has served as a bridge between the states and cross-cultures. Moreover, it promotes education, awareness, and a sense of belonging among people and sensitizes them about adverse repercussions of war, terrorism, climate degradation, and cultivates positivity to reserve the amity sphere. This research attempts to analyze social media as an effective tool to bring peace and harmony in the world and can help prevent an environment of animosity and conflict.

To control the mindset of any society, media plays an important role due to its ability to transfer information and thereby transform societies. Electronic media which thrives on conspiracies, has not lost its importance and TV is still a popular means of communication. By virtue of technological innovations, electronic media has a vast impact on all segments of society (exposure to modern technology and becoming vulnerable). In the contemporary world, terrorism is a major security threat in Pakistan. Continuous open electronic media coverage of issues occur with inherent bias. Against this backdrop, the role of media becomes crucial as the media agenda is gradually turning into the public agenda. Electronic media is inherently biases to the opinions of those reporting the situation. Admittedly, media can influence a large chunk of society. Importantly, Pakistan's private TV channels while giving an insight to the audience, intentionally or unintentionally, may drive a negative mindset and give birth to perceived security threats. This paper attempts to ascertain the complex connection between security and the electronic media and also highlights the negative impacts of media on the security of Pakistan.

This study analyzes how banks' stability and funding risk affect their profitability in the case of Pakistan. For this purpose, data from 19 Banks were used from 2000 to 2016. The independent variable was Bank Performance for which Return on Assets was used. The dependent variables were first, Bank Stability, which was calculated as the Z-Score of RoA and Equity to Assets, and second, Funding Risk, which was calculated as the Z-Score of Deposits to Assets Ratio and Equity to Assets. Our control variables were Bank Size, Credit Risk, Liquidity Risk, Diversification, and Capital to Asset Ratio. Our results indicated that Funding Risk, Liquidity Risk, Credit Risk, and Bank Size are negatively affecting bank performance whereas bank stability is positively affecting bank performance. From the result of size, we may conclude that in the case of Pakistan, Larger Banks are not getting the benefits of economies of scale. Our findings suggest that policymakers and banking institutions in Pakistan should prioritize efforts to enhance bank stability and mitigate funding risk in order to improve bank profitability.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Basic Concepts of Climate Resilience for Agriculture and Associated Fields -- Chapter 1: An Introduction to Climate Change Phenomenon -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming -- 1.3 Ozone Depletion and Climate Change -- 1.4 Effect of Automobiles on Climate Change -- 1.5 Effects of Deforestation on Climate Change -- 1.6 Climate Change and Urbanization -- 1.7 Human Influence -- 1.8 Role of the Sun -- 1.9 El Niño -- 1.10 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Agro-meteorological Aspect of Climate Change -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Scope of Agrometeorology -- 2.3 Evidences of Climate Change and Consequent Impacts on Crop Production -- 2.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Impact of Temperature Fluctuations on Plant Morphological and Physiological Traits -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Plant Physiological Responses to Temperature Fluctuations -- 3.2.1 Photosynthesis -- 3.2.2 Cell Membranes Abnormalities -- 3.2.3 Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) -- 3.2.4 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) -- 3.2.5 Chlorophyll a Fluorescence -- 3.2.6 Sugars as Antioxidants -- 3.2.7 Temperature and Maize Growth -- 3.3 Plant Adaptive Mechanisms and Physiological Responses to Temperature Changes -- 3.3.1 Phenotypic Plasticity of Physiological Processes -- 3.3.2 Evolutionary Adaptation -- 3.3.3 Genetic Transformation -- 3.3.4 Cellular Alterations at Membranes Level -- 3.3.5 Synthesis of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) -- 3.3.6 Synthesis of Secondary Metabolites -- 3.3.7 Osmotic Adjustments -- 3.3.8 Complex Signaling to Trigger Thermal Responses -- 3.3.9 Phosphatidic Acid Accumulation -- 3.3.10 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Regulation -- 3.3.11 Cold Responsive Genes Activation -- 3.3.12 Cold Tolerance Acquisition -- 3.4 Conclusion -- References.