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Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Women on Corporate Boards in Europe: Milestones and Challenges -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Legal and Regulatory Initiatives to Promote Female Representation on European Corporate Boards -- Trends in the Presence of Female Representation on Corporate Boards -- Compliance with Gender Diversity Regulations and Future Challenges -- Conclusion -- Disclaimer -- References -- Biographical Sketches -- Chapter 2 -- Gender Differences in Networking and Career Outcomes: The Spanish Case -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Literature Review and Hypothesis Development -- Method -- Sample and Empirical Strategy -- Variables -- Dependent Variables -- Independent Variable -- Control Variables -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- Disclaimer -- References -- Biographical Sketches -- Chapter 3 -- Breaking the Gender Barrier: Exploring the Intersection of Innovation and Gender -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Literature Review in Innovation and Entrepreneurship from a Gender Perspective -- Method -- Sample -- Discussion -- Different Topics -- Barriers to Innovate -- Work-Family Imbalance -- Gender Stereotyping and Bias -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Disclaimer -- References -- Biographical Sketches -- Chapter 4 -- Gender Diversity and Capital Structure: From the Past to the Future -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Bibliometric Analysis -- Selection Process -- Documents Published by Year -- Documents Published by the Country -- Documents with More Citations -- Literature Review Based on the Most Cited Publications -- Discussion -- Disclaimer -- References -- Biographical Sketches -- Chapter 5 -- Networking and Gender Differences: An Integrative Literature Review -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Challenges Undermining the Development of Effective Networking for Women.

A non-governmental organization (NGO) can make a non-contractible investment to provide a public good. Only ownership can be specified ex ante, so ex post efficiency requires reaching an agreement with the government. Besley and Ghatak (2001) argue that the party with the larger valuation should be the owner. We show that when transaction costs have to be incurred before the bargaining stage can be reached, ownership by the government can be optimal even when the NGO has a larger valuation. Our finding also contrasts with the standard private-good setup where the investing party (i.e., the NGO) should always be the owner. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

[EN] At the 2015 International Hospital Federation (IHF) World Congress in Chicago, Illinois, USA, the Global Consortium for Healthcare Management Professionalization presented a call to action to professionalize the field of healthcare management. Governments and organizations that seek to realize the benefits of professional healthcare managers may meet this challenge by providing educational opportunities to established executives who are positioned to lead and ultimately mentor future managers. This paper introduces a case example of an executive graduate program in health administration, delivered by a university in the United States in partnership with the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia, with the aim of developing Saudi healthcare professionals as healthcare leaders. We share challenges, experiences and insights related to adapting a US curriculum for the Saudi working executives during a time of transformation in the Kingdom. We also provide a detailed description of the Executive Management Study, an applied synthesis activity required for all executive learners in the program. Results of an alumni survey are incorporated to demonstrate graduates' perceptions of the effectiveness of the learning experience. ; http://ocs.editorial.upv.es/index.php/HEAD/HEAD18 ; Celaya, L.; Mueller, D.; Hernandez, S. (2018). Developing Healthcare Leaders, Fostering Collaboration, and Facilitating Transformation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Practice-Based Synthesis Projects in a Global Executive Graduate Program. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 671-678. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD18.2018.8058 ; OCS ; 671 ; 678

AbstractThe authors tell about their heterogeneous 91 person research and evaluation unit at an operating foundation in St. Paul, Minnesota. They focus on evaluation for program improvement, one of several purposes of studies they work on. The three authors write from their different manager positions within the unit. Included are the context of the organization, strategic principles of their work and how it fits into a program improvement model. Mattessich writes as the executive director and details his day‐to‐day evaluation work. Mueller writes as the associate director, who oversees most of the unit's evaluation work, while Holm‐Hansen writes as a consulting scientist who leads a core research team of four to six. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting in industrial plants usually has multiple purposes, including mandatory reporting, shareholder and stakeholder communication, developing key performance indicators (KPIs), or informing cost-effective mitigation options. Current carbon accounting systems, such as the one required by the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS), ignore the system context in which emissions occur. This hampers the identification and evaluation of comprehensive mitigation strategies considering linkages between materials, energy, and emissions. Here, we propose a carbon accounting method based on multilevel material flow analysis (MFA), which aims at addressing this gap. Using a Norwegian primary aluminum production plant as an example, we analyzed the material stocks and flows within this plant for total mass flows of goods as well as substances such as aluminum and carbon. The results show that the MFA-based accounting (i) is more robust than conventional tools due to mass balance consistency and higher granularity, (ii) allows monitoring the performance of the company and defines meaningful KPIs, (iii) can be used as a basis for the EU ETS reporting and linked to internal reporting, (iv) enables the identification and evaluation of systemic solutions and resource efficiency strategies for reducing emissions, and (v) has the potential to save costs. ; publishedVersion

Background: Second hand smoke (ETS)-associated particulate matter (PM) contributes considerably to indoor air contamination and constitutes a health risk for passive smokers. Easy to measure, PM is a useful parameter to estimate the dosage of ETS that passive smokers are exposed to. Apart from its suitability as a surrogate parameter for ETS-exposure, PM itself affects human morbidity and mortality in a dose-dependent manner. We think that ETS-associated PM should be considered an independent hazard factor, separately from the many other known harmful compounds of ETS. We believe that brand-specific and tobacco-product-specific differences in the release of PM matter and that these differences are of public interest. Methods: To generate ETS of cigarettes and cigarillos as standardized and reproducible as possible, an automatic second hand smoke emitter (AETSE) was developed and placed in a glass chamber. L&M cigarettes ("without additives", "red label", "blue label"), L&M filtered cigarillos ("red") and 3R4F standard research cigarettes (as reference) were smoked automatically according to a self-developed, standardized protocol until the tobacco product was smoked down to 8 mm distance from the tipping paper of the filter. Results: Mean concentration (Cmean) and area under the curve (AUC) in a plot of PM2.5 against time were measured, and compared. CmeanPM2.5 were found to be 518 μg/m3 for 3R4F cigarettes, 576 μg/m3 for L&M "without additives" ("red"), 448 μg/m3 for L&M "blue label", 547 μg/m3 for L&M "red label", and 755 μg/m3 for L&M filtered cigarillos ("red"). AUCPM2.5-values were 208,214 μg/m3·s for 3R4F reference cigarettes, 204,629 μg/m3·s for L&M "without additives" ("red"), 152,718 μg/m3·s for L&M "blue label", 238,098 μg/m3·s for L&M "red label" and 796,909 μg/m3·s for L&M filtered cigarillos ("red"). Conclusion: Considering the large and significant differences in particulate matter emissions between cigarettes and cigarillos, we think that a favorable ...