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Résumé Le gouvernement namibien s'efforce de lutter contre le vih /sida en encourageant l'utilisation de préservatifs. Bien que ceux-ci répondent à une nécessité et soient distribués gratuitement dans beaucoup d'endroits, il est fréquent qu'ils ne soient pas utilisés correctement. L'étude sur le terrain avait pour but d'étudier les connotations que les hommes et les femmes du nord de la Namibie attachent aux préservatifs et au vih /sida en général, et les mythes entourant les préservatifs en particulier. Quels sont les facteurs socioculturels qui font obstacle à l'utilisation des préservatifs ? Si ceux-ci sont synonymes de pratiques sexuelles moins dangereuses, quelles sont leurs autres connotations parmi leurs utilisateurs ? Quelles significations implicites leur sont associées s'agissant des relations entre hommes et femmes ? Pour tenter de répondre à ces questions et évaluer le rôle des préservatifs dans la lutte contre la transmission du sida, des entretiens avec des informateurs principaux, des groupes ciblés de discussion avec des Owambos des deux sexes ont été organisés, et les observations des participants recueillies dans les régions rurales du nord de la Namibie. L'étude a révélé que la sensibilisation à la maladie est grande et que dans les zones rurales du nord de la Namibie, le préservatif est un mode de protection connu contre le vih /sida. On observe plusieurs différences entre les deux sexes, les femmes étant mieux disposées que les hommes à son égard. Hommes et femmes expriment des appréhensions au sujet de l'emploi du préservatif, mais ces appréhensions sont différentes. Les femmes s'inquiètent des raisons pour lesquelles les hommes y ont recours. Les conclusions sont interprétées à la lumière des idées de Barthes concernant les mythes.

The Namibian government has sought to combat HIV/AIDS by promoting the use of condoms. Although condoms are a necessity and are being distributed free‐of‐charge in many places, their correct use is not widespread. The objective of this field research was to investigate the connotations men and women in northern Namibia attach to condoms and HIV/AIDS in general, and investigate the myths around condoms in particular. What socio‐cultural factors make the use of condoms difficult to achieve? If condoms denote safer sex, what else do they connote among users? What implied meanings do condoms carry in relationships involving men and women? Key informant interviews, participant observations and about 24 focus group discussions were held with Owambo males and females in rural northern Namibia to assess condom use in the prevention of HIV/AIDS transmission. The study found that awareness of the disease is high and condoms are known in rural northern Namibia as a method of protection against HIV/AIDS. There are several gender differences in that women are more willing to use condoms than men. Although both men and women worry about condom use, they do so differently. Women worry about the intentions of men in condom use. The findings are interpreted using Barthes' ideas on myth.

The Namibian government has sought to combat HIV/AIDS by promoting the use of condoms. Although condoms are a necessity & are being distributed free-of-charge in many places, their correct use is not widespread. The objective of this field research was to investigate the connotations men & women in northern Namibia attach to condoms & HIV/AIDS in general, & investigate the myths around condoms in particular. What socio-cultural factors make the use of condoms difficult to achieve? If condoms denote safer sex, what else do they connote among users? What implied meanings do condoms carry in relationships involving men & women? Key informant interviews, participant observations & about 24 focus group discussions were held with Owambo males & females in rural northern Namibia to assess condom use in the prevention of HIV/AIDS transmission. The study found that awareness of the disease is high & condoms are known in rural northern Namibia as a method of protection against HIV/AIDS. There are several gender differences in that women are more willing to use condoms than men. Although both men & women worry about condom use, they do so differently. Women worry about the intentions of men in condom use. The findings are interpreted using Barthes' ideas on myth. References. Adapted from the source document.

The majority of people in southern Africa today are youth, some of whom spend much of their time on streets. Structural adjustment programmes, factors associated with modernisation and AIDS have all led to an increase in the number of young people who are on the streets. Street youth are a diverse group, although the distinction between youth on the street, youth of the street and abandoned youth does not make much sense in southern Africa. This is due to the fact that most children work and these groups do not have distinct lifestyles. Street youth have attracted attention because of the problems that they face as they interact with wider society. These problems include negative perceptions by the public, health problems, deviance, and psychopathological symptoms. This article looks at the various policy approaches towards street youth and concludes that a multi‐sectored and integrated approach is needed to deal with the phenomenon of street youth.

Policy approaches toward street youth in Southern Africa are examined, arguing that a multisectored & integrated approach is needed to deal with the phenomenon. 1 Photograph, 25 References. Adapted from the source document.

Die Sozialwissenschaften sind gefragt, wenn es darum geht, die Grundlagen für politische, organisatorische und institutionelle Reformen herauszuarbeiten. Der vorliegende Beitrag behandelt die Bedeutung, die bisherigen Erfolge und zukünftigen Herausforderungen an die sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung im Hinblick auf die Jugend und Jugendentwicklung im südlichen Afrika. Besonderes Schwergewicht wird auf Erziehung und Ausbildung, auf das Problem von Schwangerschaften und Mutterschaft bei Jugendlichen sowie auf HIV/Aids gelegt. Notwendig ist es, daß Forschung und Politik auf diesen Gebieten eng zusammenarbeiten, um die Problembereiche identifizieren und zukünftige politische Maßnahmen und die Forschung auf diese konzentrieren zu können. (DÜI-Hlb)

Kritische Würdigung der Literatur über die Entwicklung der sozialen Klassen in Sambia. Der Autor gibt Anregungen für Diskussionen der Fragen, über deren Beantwortung Unklarheit herrscht: Welche Klasse ist als dominant zu sehen: die bürokratische Staatsklasse oder die nationale Bourgeoisie? Was ist die besondere Natur der Klassenstruktur in Sambia? Ist es sinnvoll, die Klassen Sambias weiter in Fraktionen zu unterteilen? (DÜI-Wsl)

Analyse des Systems der Mitbestimmung der Arbeiter in der Bergbauindustrie Sambias. Ansätze dazu gab es schon in der Kolonialzeit; die gegenwärtige Situation wird bestimmt durch den "Industrial Relations Act" von 1971 mit den Bestimmungen über Funktion und Zusammensetzung der "Work Councils". In dem Aufsatz werden folgende Themen angesprochen: Ursprung der Mitbestimmungsideen; Stellenwert im System des sambianischen politischen Systems; Interessen von Arbeitern, Gewerkschaften und Management; Regeln der Konfliktlösung. (DÜI-Wsl)

1. Bedeutung der Verbreitung neuer Technologien im Rahmen der regionalen Zusammenarbeit innerhalb der SADCC und der PTA für die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung der Region. + 2. Die Abhängigkeit der Staaten des südlichen Afrikas von der Südafrikanischen Republik als Konfliktpotential für die SADCC; Gefahr mangelnder Effektivität der SADCC aufgrund ihrer dezentralen Struktur. (DÜI-Fwr)

This paper examines conceptions of gender identity and gender relations among youth in rural northern Namibia to see whether or not real life practices are meeting the requirements of legislationthat supports gender equality including the right to work in all spheres for equal pay and benefits, discouragement ofgender-based violence and marginalization, and equality with regard to property inheritance. More specifically, we describe the attitudes and behaviour regarding sex and male/female relationships among these youth. Qualitative research methods based on focus group discussions (FGD) were the core of the data collection techniques in this exploratory study. Our findingsindicate that male respondents feel that males are superior to females. Both 15- to 19-year old and 20- to 24-year-old boys confirmed this. Girls affirm this finding but feelings of inferiority were more marked among girls aged 15 to 19 than among 20 to 24 year olds. All these groups regard sexual intercourse as normal, contributing to a sense of powerlessness when girls are in the presence of boys. Males initiate sexual behaviour (as it is culturally unacceptable for females to do so) and seem to have many more partners than girls. The gap between existing laws and what is culturally desirable (in sex practices) seems real and must be addressed in extended sex education forums whose curriculum challenges long held cultural beliefs aboutmasculinity and femininity.