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The development of the microfinance as well as islamic microfinance Indonesia has been remarkable. It gains many attention by policy makers as well as academicians in many occasions. Topic that was discussed ranged from the past performance, current obstacle as wes as the problem, solution and the opportunity in the future (Hamad 2010, Bank Indonesia 2009,2010). The role of this microfinance gain more important during the recent financial crisis. The subprime mortgage occured in 2008 has affected many countries in the worlds. In Indonesia the effect can be seen from the stock market. Jakarta Composite Index (JCI) shows 2721.25 in January 2008 while it plunged to 1241.54 in October 2008. Companies which the operations is exposing themselves to the exchange rate were obviously got affected since the plunge of the stock market induce investors not to continue their investments in Indonesia. As a result ''fligh to quality" happened and this create fluctuation of the exchange rate. However, other sector such as microfinance does not seem to be affected.

Studies of Indonesian construction supply chains have been in the early stage. Previous studies have described very well the structures of construction project supply chains. Moreover, one of strategies that have been considered by construction companies for gaining a competitive advantage is to reduce the cost of their supply chains. The research's objective is to identify the cost structure of construction supply chains in Indonesia and factors that could influence it. By knowing these factors, construction companies are expected to be able to determine strategic efforts needed for reducing cost of their construction supply chains. Two construction projects operated by a large construction company were explored as case-studies. Rebar material was chosen for this supply chains study. It was found that the cost of purchasing was very significant. Meanwhile, costs of transportation and inventory were insignificant. It can be concluded that efforts to reduce supply chains cost by reducing costs of inventory and transportation would not be effective. Therefore, factors that could influence the cost of supply chains are related to management of supply chains, such as procurement policy, material requirement planning, supplier qualification, selection process, contract, and supplier development. Santrauka Ankstesniuose Indonezijos statybų tiekimo grandinių tyrimuose labai gerai apibūdintos statybos projektų tiekimo grandinių struktūros. Be to, viena iš strategijų, kurias statybų įmonės nagrinėjo kaip galimybę įgyti konkurencinį pranašumą, buvo išlaidų mažinimas tiekimo grandinėms. Šiuo tyrimu siekiama nustatyti Indonezijos statybų tiekimo grandinių išlaidų struktūrą ir jai įtaką galinčius daryti veiksnius. Žinodamos tokius veiksnius, statybų įmonės turėtų sugebėti nustatyti, kokios strategijos leistų sumažinti išlaidas statybų tiekimo grandinėms. Atvejui tirti pasirinkti du statybų projektai, kuriuos vykdė stambi statybos įmonė. Šiam tiekimo grandinių tyrimui pasirinkta armatūra. Nustatyta, kad pirkimo kaina buvo labai svarbi, o pristatymo ir inventorizacijos išlaidos svarbiomis nelaikytos. Galima daryti išvadą, kad bandymas apriboti išlaidas tiekimo grandinėms, mažinant inventorizacijos ir pristatymo išlaidas, nebūtų veiksmingas. Taigi išlaidoms, kurios skiriamos tiekimo grandinėms, įtaką galintys daryti veiksniai yra susiję su tiekimo grandinių valdymu: pirkimo politika, medžiagų poreikio planavimu, tiekėjų kvalifikacija, atrankos procesu, sutarties sudarymu ir tiekėjų tobulinimo programa. Reikšminiai žodžiai:statybų tiekimo grandinės,išlaidų struktūra,veiksniai,inventorizacijos išlaidos,pirkimo kaina,pristatymo išlaidos

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to propose a contemporary human resource management (HRM) framework by zakat institutions, which collect and manage religious alms, both obligatory (zakat) and voluntary (sadaqah), in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach - In doing so, discussions pertaining to the key elements of zakat institutions' HRM including recruitment, selection, performance appraisal, training and development and compensation are gathered from the existing literature and other sources of information such as zakat institutions' websites and publications. In addition, zakat officers' insight on how HRM is practiced at their institutions is gathered through a series of semi-structured interviews and incorporated in the findings of this study. Findings - The paper finds that the state government, by virtue of the State Islamic Religious Council (SIRC), which is the sole trustee of all waqf properties in Malaysia, may have significant influence in formulating the human resource strategies and policies in zakat institutions. Research limitations/implications - The proposed HRM model can be a useful reference for SIRC in enhancing the current human resource practice in its respective zakat institutions. Originality/value - The novelty of this study lies in the proposed HRM model applicable to zakat institutions. The model emphasizes the alignment between the zakat institutions' HRM practice and their zakat collection and distribution goals, as well as zakat management objectives in general.

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the views of zakat professionals on the factors affecting the performance of zakat administration in Malaysia. This study started with library research to critically review previous literature on zakat administration, followed by the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). This study finds that the provisions of zakat law and collection mechanism are viewed as the most critical factors influencing the performance of zakat collection and distribution mechanism and public perception are viewed as the two main factors affecting the performance of zakat distribution administration in Malaysia. This study hopes to shed some light on how to improve the administration of zakat collection and distribution, especially the importance of having a standardized legislation and regulatory frameworks for zakat administration to be applied in all states in Malaysia.