Suchergebnisse

This study uses the Pakistan Rural Household Survey 2004-5
(PRHS), a rich set of households and school data, to examine parents'
schooling decision in rural Pakistan. Nested logit regressions are used
to quantify the determinants of child school attendance. The analysis
confirms that the greater the number of schools (public or private) in
the local communities the higher is the attendance. Lower school
attendance of boys seems to be the outcome of lower school quality more
than it is for girls. A marginal increase in school quality correlates
with increased school attendance in government schools more than in
private schools. Nearly all school quality variables including control
for number of schools in a community stand insignificant for girls. This
shows that other factors might be of more importance than school quality
of local schools for girl's low attendance in rural Pakistan. Besides,
parental education, especially mother's education, and household income
have strong positive impact on child school attendance. The greater the
number of children in the household the lower is the child school
attendance. Credit constraint seems not to be problematic as the
estimated effect is statistically insignificant. The size of landholding
seems to be important only in the case of girls schooling. JEL
Classification: I21, I25, D13, C25 Keywords: Demand for Schooling,
Public Education, Private Education, Pakistan

This paper overviews socio-economic factors as determinants of working women earnings in education department of district Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For this purpose, a primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire from 126 working females in September, 2017. Multinomial logistic regression technique has been used for the estimation of results. The main findings of the study are that education, experience, family income, and locality of job area showed positive relationship with working women earnings. However, marital status remained insignificant. Based on the findings of this study the researchers recommended that females are significantly contributing in family expenditures. Therefore, government should invest more in female's education and prioritize it.

This study generally examines the influence of education, health, experience and government loans on farmers' productivity in district Nowshera. Specifically, this study (a) finds out the role of socio-economic factors determining tomato production in district Nowshera and (b) estimates technical efficiency of the tomato farmers in the area. Primary data has been collected through a field survey from 61 tomato producers of selected villages of the district. The results reveal on the average tomato farms in the study area are 95% efficient, indicating a 5% potential for the farms to attain the maximum output level while the range of efficiencies was 89% to 99%. Moreover, the results also showed education, health, experience and government loans playing a significant role in the determination of the tomato production. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that government increase spending on education and health as such loans can play an important role in the tomato farming in district Nowshera.

It is to access that the microcredit has a positive impact on education and healthcare spending of the borrowed households is controversial in developing countries literature or not. This study reports evidence, from Pakistan for this debate, while utilising data from PPHS- 2010 (Pakistan Panel Household Survey). Propensity score matching (PSM) has been used to investigate the impact of household credit on healthcare and education spending by the poor. In addition to matching statistically identical borrowers with non-borrowers, the method controls for household pre-treatment assets and income. These may be correlated with unobservable factors affecting credit participation as well as outcomes of interest. The estimates from binary as well as multiple ordered treatment effect show insignificant impact of borrowing on education and significant and positive impact on healthcare spending. JEL Classification: D13, C14 Keyword: Matching; Household Credit; Per-capita Income; Education and Healthcare Spending

PurposeThe study explores the pivotal role of green information technology and sustainable business processes and their impact on organizational value in an underdeveloped economy. It aims to develop a comprehensive model for driving organizational value through sustainable initiatives.Design/methodology/approachData was gathered through 474 survey instruments (41% response rate) from top managers of IT firms using a convenience sampling technique. After ensuring reliability and validity, hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. Data analysis utilized SPSS and AMOS 21.0.FindingsThe study revealed a significant positive impact of green information technology initiatives on financial and non-financial aspects, enhancing overall organizational value. Similarly, green information technology significantly influences sustainable business processes. Furthermore, sustainable business processes, encompassing economic, social, and environmental dimensions, enhance organizational value, including financial and non-financial performance. Consequently, a multifaceted sustainable model has been developed to optimize organizational value, providing new insights.Practical implicationsThe findings imply that firms should focus on acquiring new green technologies and adopting sustainable processes, leading to enhanced profits and non-financial gains. This study aids managers in strategy development and implementation and guides policymakers in formulating context-specific policies. It enriches the existing literature on green IT, business process management, and organizational value.Originality/valueThe study rigorously tested a framework for fostering organizational value through green information technology and sustainable business processes in information technology firms. The proposed framework was validated using structural equation modeling.

The paper investigates the influence of official development support on Pakistan GDP per capita making use of time series yearly data from 1991 to 1917. ADF has been used for examining the level of integration of the data. After that, ARDL has been used for discovering the short and long-run relationship of the official development assistance and the GDP per capita. The results uncover that official assistance relationship with GDP per capita became negative in the short run in addition to a long-run period. In similar manner inflation also became negatively significant in the short and long run. Additionally, lag GDP per capita is positively significant. Population growth turned positively significant in the long run. In addition, it has become negatively significant in the short-run period of time. Furthermore, the Error Correction coefficient is –0. 83% and remained significant

This paper overviews socio-economic factors as determinants of working women earnings in education department of district Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For this purpose, a primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire from 126 working females in September, 2017. Multinomial logistic regression technique has been used for the estimation of results. The main findings of the study are that education, experience, family income, and locality of job area showed positive relationship with working women earnings. However, marital status remained insignificant. Based on the findings of this study the researchers recommended that females are significantly contributing in family expenditures. Therefore, government should invest more in female's education and prioritize it.

This study generally examines the influence of education, health, experience and government loans on farmers' productivity in district Nowshera. Specifically, this study (a) finds out the role of socio-economic factors determining tomato production in district Nowshera and (b) estimates technical efficiency of the tomato farmers in the area. Primary data has been collected through a field survey from 61 tomato producers of selected villages of the district. The results reveal on the average tomato farms in the study area are 95% efficient, indicating a 5% potential for the farms to attain the maximum output level while the range of efficiencies was 89% to 99%. Moreover, the results also showed education, health, experience and government loans playing a significant role in the determination of the tomato production. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that government increase spending on education and health as such loans can play an important role in the tomato farming in district Nowshera.

The Fort Munro Formation is well exposed along DG Khan-Fort Munro road, a type locality. The section was measured and sampled for the biostratigraphy, where it has a conformable lower contact with Mughalkot Formation and is underlain by the Pab Sandstone. The total observed thickness was 105 meters, and 26 samples were collected from top to the bottom at random intervals. Fifty thin sections were studied carefully, and five species of large benthic foraminifera, including Orbitoidestissoti, Orbitoidesapiculata, Orbitoides media, Orbitoideshottingeri, and Omphalocyclusmacroporus were identified along with miliolids. Gastropods, Bivalves and Echinoderms were also observed. Based on identified microfossils, the depositional environment of the formation is the inner ramp to the middle ramp deposited in the Campanian to Maastrichtian age.