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AbstractBank credit channeling is not entirely returned at the maturity of credit. This phenomenon causes bad debts. The occurrence of bad debts, among others, comes from debtors who do not have good faith. Many debtors, deliberately with all efforts, try to get credits. However, after they obtain the credits, they use the credits for the interests that cannot be accounted. In some cases, debtors even ran away before the maturity of credit. This raises the issue of how banks apply the precautionary principle of dealing with unqualified debtors, the debtors with bad faiths. To anticipate bad-faith debtors, it is mandatory for banks to apply the precautionary principles, known as the 5C principles and to apply risk management in order to avoid bad debts before credit agreement is approved. After credits are channeled, banks routinely supervise the development of credits to avoid deviations from the terms of agreement. In the event of bad debt, and bank solved it by executing the object of guarantee, the availability of material security is one of the factors that determines the properness of credit channeling. It should be performed with the binding of a formal juridical guarantee based on the legislations on guarantees.AbstrakPenyaluran kredit perbankan tidak seluruhnya dapat dikembalikan sesuai waktu yang telah diperjanjikan, hal ini dapat mengakibatkan kredit macet. Terjadinya kredit macet antara lain berasal dari debitur yang beritikad tidak baik, debitur sengaja dengan segala daya upaya mendapatkan kredit tetapi setelah diperolehnya, menggunakan kredit untuk kepentingan yang tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan bahkan debitur sudah melarikan diri sebelum jatuh tempo kreditnya. Hal tersebut menimbulkan permasalahan bagaimana bank menerapkan prinsip kehati-hatian menghadapi debitur beritikad tidak baik. Bank mengantisipasi debitur beritikad tidak baik, sebelum perjanjian kredit disetujui, diwajibkan menerapkan prinsip kehati-hatian berdasarkan prinsip 5C dan menerapkan manajemen risiko agar terhindar dari kredit macet. Setelah kredit disalurkan bank secara rutin mengawasi perkembangan kreditnya agar tidak terjadi penyimpangan dari ketentuan perjanjian kredit. Jika terjadi kredit macet penyelesaiannya dengan mengeksekusi objek jaminan, dengan demikian ketersediaan jaminan kebendaan merupakan salah satu faktor dalam menentukan layak tidaknya kredit dikucurkan, dengan pengikatan jaminan yang secara yuridis formal sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan tentang jaminan.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v5n1.a5 ; AbstractBank credit channeling is not entirely returned at the maturity of credit. This phenomenon causes bad debts. The occurrence of bad debts, among others, comes from debtors who do not have good faith. Many debtors, deliberately with all efforts, try to get credits. However, after they obtain the credits, they use the credits for the interests that cannot be accounted. In some cases, debtors even ran away before the maturity of credit. This raises the issue of how banks apply the precautionary principle of dealing with unqualified debtors, the debtors with bad faiths. To anticipate bad-faith debtors, it is mandatory for banks to apply the precautionary principles, known as the 5C principles and to apply risk management in order to avoid bad debts before credit agreement is approved. After credits are channeled, banks routinely supervise the development of credits to avoid deviations from the terms of agreement. In the event of bad debt, and bank solved it by executing the object of guarantee, the availability of material security is one of the factors that determines the properness of credit channeling. It should be performed with the binding of a formal juridical guarantee based on the legislations on guarantees.AbstrakPenyaluran kredit perbankan tidak seluruhnya dapat dikembalikan sesuai waktu yang telah diperjanjikan, hal ini dapat mengakibatkan kredit macet. Terjadinya kredit macet antara lain berasal dari debitur yang beritikad tidak baik, debitur sengaja dengan segala daya upaya mendapatkan kredit tetapi setelah diperolehnya, menggunakan kredit untuk kepentingan yang tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan bahkan debitur sudah melarikan diri sebelum jatuh tempo kreditnya. Hal tersebut menimbulkan permasalahan bagaimana bank menerapkan prinsip kehati-hatian menghadapi debitur beritikad tidak baik. Bank mengantisipasi debitur beritikad tidak baik, sebelum perjanjian kredit disetujui, diwajibkan menerapkan prinsip kehati-hatian berdasarkan prinsip 5C dan menerapkan manajemen risiko agar terhindar dari kredit macet. Setelah kredit disalurkan bank secara rutin mengawasi perkembangan kreditnya agar tidak terjadi penyimpangan dari ketentuan perjanjian kredit. Jika terjadi kredit macet penyelesaiannya dengan mengeksekusi objek jaminan, dengan demikian ketersediaan jaminan kebendaan merupakan salah satu faktor dalam menentukan layak tidaknya kredit dikucurkan, dengan pengikatan jaminan yang secara yuridis formal sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan tentang jaminan.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v5n1.a5

ABSTRAK Undang-undang Hak Tanggungan memberikan kemudahan dan kepastian Pemegang Hak Tanggungan melaksanakan eksekusi melalui pelelangan umum. Eksekusi hak tanggungan dapat dilakukan dua cara yaitu Parate Eksekusi berdasarkan Pasal 6 Undang-undang Hak Tanggungan, atau melalui Fiat Eksekusi Pengadilan Negeri berdasar Pasal 14 ayat (2) dan (3) Undang-undang Hak Tanggungan. Dalam praktiknya kepastian hukum eksekusi hak tanggungan tersebut tidaklah mutlak, Tereksekusi dapat mengajukan Gugatan dan Perlawanan atas ekseksusi hak tanggungan. Hal ini menghambat eksekusi bahkan dapat membatalkan lelang yang telah terjadi. Tulisan ini diharapkan memberikan gambaran komprehensif terhadap akibat hukum yang ditimbulkan dari adanya gugatan perdata terhadap lelang eksekusi Hak Tanggungan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis empiris yang bersifat deskriptif analitis, dengan menggunakan data perkara di KPKNL Bandung dikaitkan dengan asas-asas, norma hukum dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Gugatan dan perlawanan menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum bagi Pemegang Hak Tanggungan, pembeli lelang dan pihak lain yang terkait eksekusi hak tanggungan. Diperlukan pengaturan hukum acara khusus eksekusi hak tanggungan sehingga memberikan kepastian hukum. Dengan ketentuan yang memenuhi asas kepastian hukum diharapkan lelang hak tanggungan merupakan jalan keluar terakhir bagi Pemegang Hak Tanggungan dalam menyelesaikan masalah dalam hal debitor cedera janji. Kata kunci: eksekusi; hak tanggungan; lelang. ABSTRACT The Underwriting Law provides convenience and certainty that the Underwriting Rights Holder executes through a public auction. Execution of mortgages can be carried out in 2 (two) ways, namely Parate Execution based on Article 6 of the Underwriting Rights Act, or through Fiat Execution of District Courts (Article 14 paragraph (2 and (3). Executed can still file a lawsuit and Resistance against the exploitation of mortgages, which can hinder the execution and even cancel the auction that has taken place. This paper is expected to provide a comprehensive picture of legal inconsistencies arising from a civil claim against the auction of the Mortgage Execution. which is descriptive analytical in nature, using claim data in KPKNL Bandung is associated with legal principles, legal norms, legislation. Claims and resistance give rise to legal uncertainty for Underwriting Rights holders, auction buyers and other parties which is related. As a result of this uncertainty, legal regulations for the specific execution of mortgages and guarantee laws are needed which can provide legal certainty for the execution of mortgage rights. With provisions that meet the principle of legal certainty, it is expected that the mortgage rights auction is the final solution for holders of mortgage rights in resolving problems in the event the debtor is injured in the appointment. Keywords: auctio; executie; mortgage rights on land.

Micro-business is one of the activities that is currently almost 90% the share of business in Indonesia, considering the micro business is an informal business, and not many micro-businesses have been touched by the financing sector so that micro-businesses are not affected in the economic crisis. In addition, micro-businesses are complicated to develop their businesses due to the lack of requirements to get funding and guidance that is still not effective, resulting in the lack of information for businesses to take advantage of existing market share. Moreover, micro-businesses must also be able to adapt to continue and grow amidst the current difficult conditions. The problems in this study are 1. Growth of Micro Businesses and the Concept of Development and Funding amid Technology-Based Business Competition 2. Legal Aspects of Micro-Business Development in the Welfare State's Goals. Results of this Research As the goal of the welfare state is one of them to improve the social welfare of the community. Micro-businesses participate in the purpose of the welfare state because remembering micro business as one of the fundamental pillars of driving the economy in Indonesia. It is necessary to have an active role of government and society to participate in building micro-businesses to be more developed so that the increase of the economy both in the region and nationally. So that the government must be able to facilitate businesses so that micro businesses can develop as the objectives of the welfare state. ; Micro-business is one of the activities that is currently almost 90% the share of business in Indonesia, considering the micro business is an informal business, and not many micro-businesses have been touched by the financing sector so that micro-businesses are not affected in the economic crisis. In addition, micro-businesses are complicated to develop their businesses due to the lack of requirements to get funding and guidance that is still not effective, resulting in the lack of information for businesses to take advantage of existing market share. Moreover, micro-businesses must also be able to adapt to continue and grow amidst the current difficult conditions. The problems in this study are 1. Growth of Micro Businesses and the Concept of Development and Funding amid Technology-Based Business Competition 2. Legal Aspects of Micro-Business Development in the Welfare State's Goals. Results of this Research As the goal of the welfare state is one of them to improve the social welfare of the community. Micro-businesses participate in the purpose of the welfare state because remembering micro business as one of the fundamental pillars of driving the economy in Indonesia. It is necessary to have an active role of government and society to participate in building micro-businesses to be more developed so that the increase of the economy both in the region and nationally. So that the government must be able to facilitate businesses so that micro businesses can develop as the objectives of the welfare state.