Perspectives from international economic law on transnational environmental issues
In: Academy of international law
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In: Academy of international law
In: Proceedings of the annual meeting / American Society of International Law, Band 89, S. 206-206
ISSN: 2169-1118
In: Proceedings of the annual meeting / American Society of International Law, Band 85, S. 409-413
ISSN: 2169-1118
In: American journal of international law: AJIL, Band 71, Heft 3, S. 506-506
ISSN: 2161-7953
In: Proceedings of the annual meeting / American Society of International Law, Band 71, S. 155-159
ISSN: 2169-1118
In: American journal of international law: AJIL, Band 70, Heft 2, S. 273-297
ISSN: 2161-7953
It can be said today that a unilateral most-favored-nation (MFN) clause is only of historical significance. The first unilateral MFN clauses appeared in the seventeenth century in the capitulation treaties with the Ottoman Empire and in the agreements between the French East India Company and the Mogul Empire. However, it was in the latter half of the nineteenth century that unilateral MFN clauses were most extensively concluded between the European Powers and Asian countries. These unilateral clauses served as an instrument for securing "equality in exploitation" in the economically backward regions of Asia where several of the capital exporting countries were in competition and conflict with each other.
In: Proceedings of the annual meeting / American Society of International Law, Band 69, S. 80-81
ISSN: 2169-1118
In: Report of the International Law Association's Committee on Legal Principles Relating to Climate Change (Washington, 2014)
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