Suchergebnisse

"Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über unterschiedliche wissenschaftliche Erklärungsansätze zum bemerkenswerten Aufstieg der FPÖ Jörg Haiders in den 1990er Jahren. Daran anschließend werden einige kulturelle und historische Aspekte, die von anderen Ansätzen nicht beachtet wurden, welche aber einen wesentlichen politischen Hintergrund für Haiders Erfolg bildeten, beleuchtet. Es wird argumentiert, dass die FPÖ eine ausgesprochen erfolgreiche Strategie verfolgte, indem sie ein auf traditionellen und antimodernen Werten basierendes österreichisches Identitätskonzept (re-)konstruierte. Besonders deutlich wurde dies im aggressiven 'Kulturkampf', den die FPÖ gegen KünstlerInnen und Personen des kulturellen Lebens Mitte der neunziger Jahre führte. Haiders Version des rechten Populismus erwies sich deswegen als besonders erfolgreich, weil sie einen in der österreichischen Gesellschaft nach 1945 stark verankerten Parochialismus politisch zu instrumentalisieren vermochte." (Autorenreferat)

This article gives an overview of the various academic explanations for the remarkable rise of Jorg Haider's Austrian Freedom Party (FPO) in the 1990s. Following this, my own contribution to the debate puts forward some relevant Austrian cultural & historical factors that have been overlooked by others, but that also form an important backdrop to Haider's political success. I will argue that the FPO pursued a very effective political strategy that employed the use of 'identity' politics with an attempt to reconstruct a new type of 'Austrian' identity -- based on traditional, antimodernist values. This strategy was particularly noticeable in the aggressive Kulturkampf waged by the FPO against artists & cultural figures in the mid-1990s. Haider's brand of right-wing populism proved to be particularly successful in exploiting the accentuated parochialism in Austrian society since 1945. 41 References. Adapted from the source document.

'Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über unterschiedliche wissenschaftliche Erklärungsansätze zum bemerkenswerten Aufstieg der FPÖ Jörg Haiders in den 1990er Jahren. Daran anschließend werden einige kulturelle und historische Aspekte, die von anderen Ansätzen nicht beachtet wurden, welche aber einen wesentlichen politischen Hintergrund für Haiders Erfolg bildeten, beleuchtet. Es wird argumentiert, dass die FPÖ eine ausgesprochen erfolgreiche Strategie verfolgte, indem sie ein auf traditionellen und antimodernen Werten basierendes österreichisches Identitätskonzept (re-)konstruierte. Besonders deutlich wurde dies im aggressiven 'Kulturkampf', den die FPÖ gegen KünstlerInnen und Personen des kulturellen Lebens Mitte der neunziger Jahre führte. Haiders Version des rechten Populismus erwies sich deswegen als besonders erfolgreich, weil sie einen in der österreichischen Gesellschaft nach 1945 stark verankerten Parochialismus politisch zu instrumentalisieren vermochte.' (Autorenreferat)

Although major changes in mortgage finance have occurred since the subprime bust, several issues remain unresolved, centering on the roles of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the FHA. We analyze how some reforms might affect house prices in a framework rich enough to simulate the impact of several reforms which change mortgage interest rates and/or loan-to-value (LTV) ratios of first time home buyers, the key drivers of house prices in recent decades. Simulations suggest that ending the GSE interest rate subsidy would have small effects, while changes in capital requirements or maximum FHA loan size limits would have larger effects.

Within the Civilian legal tradition, the unworthy heir rule has been established on both objective and subjective grounds. In France, the Code Napoleon enshrined said rule as a creation of law, without the deceased having any say in its operation. The Napoleonic model was later borrowed into the civil codes of Italy and Romania, thus expanding the doctrine of an objective unworthiness to their legal systems. Nevertheless, the Romanian Civil Code of 2009 empowered the deceased to remove said penalty through an explicit pardon. Since this new prerogative is a distinctive feature of the subjective foundation, the reform has rather significant implications for Romanian succession law. Essentially, the authors argue that the unworthy heir rule has always been founded upon a mixture of public policy and private interest, with the only variable being the dominating factor. Within the broader field of succession law, the legislator aims to achieve balance between the imperative nature of public policy and freedom of testation on the one hand, and between the private interests of the deceased and his family on the other. Whilst the Civil Code of 2009 does restore the Roman notion of an unworthiness subordinated to the deceased's intention, it also preserves the public policy foundation. Its real merit consists of acknowledging that the very concept of inheritance is based upon the presumed intention of the deceased: an unworthy heir forfeits his right to inherit the deceased as a result of breaching the bond of affection which is presumed to exist between them, yet only the latter can have the final say in this matter. In contrast, the Civil Code of 1864 failed to achieve such a balance since it transplanted an ideologized public policy, residue of the French Revolution.

The struggle between testamentary freedom and family protection is one of the enduring challenges in the field of succession law. This paper is exclusively concerned with the Civilian tradition, where efforts to bridge the gap between said ideals generally follow two main models. Some legal systems maintain the Roman model of allowing the testator or testatrix to lift the forced heirship in cases strictly provided by the law, whilst others prefer the Napoleonic paradigm of depriving the deceased of said power. Romanian succession law has experienced both models, with the former dominating the medieval and early modern law and the latter only introduced in the second half of the 19th century, with the legal transplant of the Code Napoléon. The present study argues that certain changes introduced in the Civil Code of 2009, specifically empowering the decedent to lift the effects of unworthiness and explicitly regulating the regime of disinheritance, foreshadow a return to the Roman paradigm.